{"id":{"repo_id":"aachen","oai_identifier":"oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:62216"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/aachen/oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:62216","repository":{"repo_id":"aachen","name":"RWTH Aachen University","base_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/oai2d"},"display":{"title":"Untersuchungen zur Anwendbarkeit von Titannitrid- und Zirkonnitrid-Nanopartikeln als Farbpigmente und zum magnetischen Verhalten von Nickel-Nickeloxid-Kern-Hülle-Nanopartikeln","abstract":"In two thematically different parts, this work presents results of theinvestigation of novel nanoparticle matter composed of titanium nitride (TiN),zirconium nitride (ZrN), and nickel (Ni), respectively. All samples wereproduced with the nanoparticle beam apparatus LUCAS.In the first part, the focus mainly lies on the analysis of the optical andcolorimetric properties of TiN and ZrN nanoparticles and the discussion oftheir potential application as color pigments. The foundation for this purposeis laid by the illustration of the main features of the Mie and Generalized Mietheory, which describe the optical spectra of single and aggregated particles,respectively, as well as of the colorimetry, that is based upon therecommendations of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) and isused to determine chromaticity coordinates from physical spectra. The chemicaland structural characterization shows, that with both nitrides crystalline and(almost) stoichiometric particles are formed under the used conditions andresonably small size distributions are achieved. Under the influence of oxygen,however, the particles are partly oxidized. On the basis of the opticalspectra of on quartz glass deposited particles the optical properties of bothnitrides are discussed. The experimental findings are compared with calculations(Mie theory and GMT). The colorimetric properties are determined from opticaltransmission measurements of embedded TiN and ZrN nanoparticles. The resultsare given in the CIELAB color system. The analysis indicates, that both speciesare principally suitable for the application as color pigments: depending on thesample parameters, TiN particles exhibit colors in the blue and blue-green partof the color plane, whereas ZrN particles yield red and violett colors. Theexperimental data can be understood with Mie theory based colorimetriccalculations. On the basis of TiN nanoparticles the important question isdiscussed, how the color of a sample can be modified.The second part of this work deals with the determination of the magneticproperties of in situ oxidized Ni/NiO core-shell nanoparticles, which are ofspecial interest because of their possible use in highly pure ferrofluids. Theinvestigations mainly concentrate on the question if the size-dependentsuperparamagnetism emerges and if the antiferromagnetic nickel oxide shellsinduce the so-called exchange bias in the Ni cores due to exchange anisotropy.Besides the theoretical fundamentals of both phenomena, experimental data ispresented that were obtained by zero field cooling, field cooling, andhysteresis measurements. They reveal that superparamagnetism cannot be verified.Exchange bias, however, is clearly visible. Optical spectra taken during theoxidation process of the nickel particles are also analysed. They show thegrowing influence of the oxide shells on the optical properties.","abstract_html":"In two thematically different parts, this work presents results of theinvestigation of novel nanoparticle matter composed of titanium nitride (TiN),zirconium nitride (ZrN), and nickel (Ni), respectively. All samples wereproduced with the nanoparticle beam apparatus LUCAS.In the first part, the focus mainly lies on the analysis of the optical andcolorimetric properties of TiN and ZrN nanoparticles and the discussion oftheir potential application as color pigments. The foundation for this purposeis laid by the illustration of the main features of the Mie and Generalized Mietheory, which describe the optical spectra of single and aggregated particles,respectively, as well as of the colorimetry, that is based upon therecommendations of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) and isused to determine chromaticity coordinates from physical spectra. The chemicaland structural characterization shows, that with both nitrides crystalline and(almost) stoichiometric particles are formed under the used conditions andresonably small size distributions are achieved. Under the influence of oxygen,however, the particles are partly oxidized. On the basis of the opticalspectra of on quartz glass deposited particles the optical properties of bothnitrides are discussed. The experimental findings are compared with calculations(Mie theory and GMT). The colorimetric properties are determined from opticaltransmission measurements of embedded TiN and ZrN nanoparticles. The resultsare given in the CIELAB color system. The analysis indicates, that both speciesare principally suitable for the application as color pigments: depending on thesample parameters, TiN particles exhibit colors in the blue and blue-green partof the color plane, whereas ZrN particles yield red and violett colors. Theexperimental data can be understood with Mie theory based colorimetriccalculations. On the basis of TiN nanoparticles the important question isdiscussed, how the color of a sample can be modified.The second part of this work deals with the determination of the magneticproperties of in situ oxidized Ni/NiO core-shell nanoparticles, which are ofspecial interest because of their possible use in highly pure ferrofluids. Theinvestigations mainly concentrate on the question if the size-dependentsuperparamagnetism emerges and if the antiferromagnetic nickel oxide shellsinduce the so-called exchange bias in the Ni cores due to exchange anisotropy.Besides the theoretical fundamentals of both phenomena, experimental data ispresented that were obtained by zero field cooling, field cooling, andhysteresis measurements. They reveal that superparamagnetism cannot be verified.Exchange bias, however, is clearly visible. Optical spectra taken during theoxidation process of the nickel particles are also analysed. They show thegrowing influence of the oxide shells on the optical properties.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Reinholdt, Alexander"],"institution":"Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kreibig, Uwe"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2005,"date_issued":"2005","date_published":"2005","updated_at":"2026-07-30T19:43:19Z","subjects":["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/660","Technische Chemie","Nanopartikel","Farbmetrik","Titannitrid","Zirkoniumnitrid","Nickel","Magnetismus","Physiologische Optik","Optik","Farbmessung","Ferromagnetismus","Antiferromagnetismus","Exchange Bias","Superparamagnetismus","nanoparticles","titanium nitride","zirconium nitride"],"languages":["ger"],"rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-123798%22"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-123798%22","href":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-123798%22","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/62216","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kreibig, Uwe"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Reinholdt, Alexander"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:coverage","label":"Dc Coverage","values":["DE"]},{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2005"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University"]},{"key":"dc:relation","label":"Dc Relation","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-14113"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis","info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/660","Technische Chemie","Nanopartikel","Farbmetrik","Titannitrid","Zirkoniumnitrid","Nickel","Magnetismus","Physiologische Optik","Optik","Farbmessung","Ferromagnetismus","Antiferromagnetismus","Exchange Bias","Superparamagnetismus","nanoparticles","titanium nitride","zirconium nitride"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["ger"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/62216","https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-123798%22"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["In two thematically different parts, this work presents results of theinvestigation of novel nanoparticle matter composed of titanium nitride (TiN),zirconium nitride (ZrN), and nickel (Ni), respectively. All samples wereproduced with the nanoparticle beam apparatus LUCAS.In the first part, the focus mainly lies on the analysis of the optical andcolorimetric properties of TiN and ZrN nanoparticles and the discussion oftheir potential application as color pigments. The foundation for this purposeis laid by the illustration of the main features of the Mie and Generalized Mietheory, which describe the optical spectra of single and aggregated particles,respectively, as well as of the colorimetry, that is based upon therecommendations of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) and isused to determine chromaticity coordinates from physical spectra. The chemicaland structural characterization shows, that with both nitrides crystalline and(almost) stoichiometric particles are formed under the used conditions andresonably small size distributions are achieved. Under the influence of oxygen,however, the particles are partly oxidized. On the basis of the opticalspectra of on quartz glass deposited particles the optical properties of bothnitrides are discussed. The experimental findings are compared with calculations(Mie theory and GMT). The colorimetric properties are determined from opticaltransmission measurements of embedded TiN and ZrN nanoparticles. The resultsare given in the CIELAB color system. The analysis indicates, that both speciesare principally suitable for the application as color pigments: depending on thesample parameters, TiN particles exhibit colors in the blue and blue-green partof the color plane, whereas ZrN particles yield red and violett colors. Theexperimental data can be understood with Mie theory based colorimetriccalculations. On the basis of TiN nanoparticles the important question isdiscussed, how the color of a sample can be modified.The second part of this work deals with the determination of the magneticproperties of in situ oxidized Ni/NiO core-shell nanoparticles, which are ofspecial interest because of their possible use in highly pure ferrofluids. Theinvestigations mainly concentrate on the question if the size-dependentsuperparamagnetism emerges and if the antiferromagnetic nickel oxide shellsinduce the so-called exchange bias in the Ni cores due to exchange anisotropy.Besides the theoretical fundamentals of both phenomena, experimental data ispresented that were obtained by zero field cooling, field cooling, andhysteresis measurements. They reveal that superparamagnetism cannot be verified.Exchange bias, however, is clearly visible. Optical spectra taken during theoxidation process of the nickel particles are also analysed. They show thegrowing influence of the oxide shells on the optical properties."]},{"key":"dc:source","label":"Dc Source","values":["Aachen : Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University IV, 195 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. (2005). = Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2005"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Untersuchungen zur Anwendbarkeit von Titannitrid- und Zirkonnitrid-Nanopartikeln als Farbpigmente und zum magnetischen Verhalten von Nickel-Nickeloxid-Kern-Hülle-Nanopartikeln"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kreibig, Uwe"],"dc:coverage":["DE"],"dc:creator":["Reinholdt, Alexander"],"dc:date":["2005"],"dc:description":["In two thematically different parts, this work presents results of theinvestigation of novel nanoparticle matter composed of titanium nitride (TiN),zirconium nitride (ZrN), and nickel (Ni), respectively. All samples wereproduced with the nanoparticle beam apparatus LUCAS.In the first part, the focus mainly lies on the analysis of the optical andcolorimetric properties of TiN and ZrN nanoparticles and the discussion oftheir potential application as color pigments. The foundation for this purposeis laid by the illustration of the main features of the Mie and Generalized Mietheory, which describe the optical spectra of single and aggregated particles,respectively, as well as of the colorimetry, that is based upon therecommendations of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) and isused to determine chromaticity coordinates from physical spectra. The chemicaland structural characterization shows, that with both nitrides crystalline and(almost) stoichiometric particles are formed under the used conditions andresonably small size distributions are achieved. Under the influence of oxygen,however, the particles are partly oxidized. On the basis of the opticalspectra of on quartz glass deposited particles the optical properties of bothnitrides are discussed. The experimental findings are compared with calculations(Mie theory and GMT). The colorimetric properties are determined from opticaltransmission measurements of embedded TiN and ZrN nanoparticles. The resultsare given in the CIELAB color system. The analysis indicates, that both speciesare principally suitable for the application as color pigments: depending on thesample parameters, TiN particles exhibit colors in the blue and blue-green partof the color plane, whereas ZrN particles yield red and violett colors. Theexperimental data can be understood with Mie theory based colorimetriccalculations. On the basis of TiN nanoparticles the important question isdiscussed, how the color of a sample can be modified.The second part of this work deals with the determination of the magneticproperties of in situ oxidized Ni/NiO core-shell nanoparticles, which are ofspecial interest because of their possible use in highly pure ferrofluids. Theinvestigations mainly concentrate on the question if the size-dependentsuperparamagnetism emerges and if the antiferromagnetic nickel oxide shellsinduce the so-called exchange bias in the Ni cores due to exchange anisotropy.Besides the theoretical fundamentals of both phenomena, experimental data ispresented that were obtained by zero field cooling, field cooling, andhysteresis measurements. They reveal that superparamagnetism cannot be verified.Exchange bias, however, is clearly visible. Optical spectra taken during theoxidation process of the nickel particles are also analysed. They show thegrowing influence of the oxide shells on the optical properties."],"dc:identifier":["https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/62216","https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-123798%22"],"dc:language":["ger"],"dc:publisher":["Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University"],"dc:relation":["info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-14113"],"dc:rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"],"dc:source":["Aachen : Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University IV, 195 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. (2005). = Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2005"],"dc:subject":["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/660","Technische Chemie","Nanopartikel","Farbmetrik","Titannitrid","Zirkoniumnitrid","Nickel","Magnetismus","Physiologische Optik","Optik","Farbmessung","Ferromagnetismus","Antiferromagnetismus","Exchange Bias","Superparamagnetismus","nanoparticles","titanium nitride","zirconium nitride"],"dc:title":["Untersuchungen zur Anwendbarkeit von Titannitrid- und Zirkonnitrid-Nanopartikeln als Farbpigmente und zum magnetischen Verhalten von Nickel-Nickeloxid-Kern-Hülle-Nanopartikeln"],"dc:type":["info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis","info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-30T19:43:19Z"}