{"id":{"repo_id":"aachen","oai_identifier":"oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:59447"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/aachen/oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:59447","repository":{"repo_id":"aachen","name":"RWTH Aachen University","base_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/oai2d"},"display":{"title":"Stromdichten in Rezeptoren-Bereichen bei Sinneswahrnehmungen in niederfrequenten elektromagnetischen Feldern","abstract":"Low-frequency electromagnetic fields, as they are emitted by facilities of electrical energy supply, can cause so-called non-adequate stimuli in the human organism, if they reach sufficient strength. These non-adequate stimuli can feign or mask adequate stimuli, which are caused by signals from the environment like sound, pressure, or light. Stronger electromagnetic fields can even provoke unpleasant or painful perceptions and can lead to life-threatening situations by irritating nerves and muscles. For this reason, the perception of weak low-frequency fields can be a warning signal. Besides, the sudden occurrence of such a low (actually harmless) perception can further lead to a so-called secondary accident due to a shock reaction and therefore has to be avoided. Therefore, the excitation thresholds of non-adequate stimuli are considered when safety regulations have to be established. However, the questions about mechanisms and places of action of the non-adequate stimulations still remained unanswered; the phenomenological descriptions were always based on external measures such as field strengths or amperages. In this work, the threshold is determined as the current density threshold at the point of origin of the non-adequate irritation. So, the threshold is no longer depending on external parameters like field configuration or individual anatomy. The current density threshold is not accessible by direct measurement, but must be investigated by combining measurements with volunteers and numerical calculations of the intracorporeal field distribution. The kinaesthetical channel (the sense of skin) and the visual channel (the sense of sight) are up to now referred to be the most sensitive sense channels regarding an excitability by low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Earlier estimations, which also form the basis of current discussions about a determination of base limits, resulted in very low values of about 2 mA/m². In this work, the mechanism and origin of non-adequate stimuli as well as the external threshold values are determined through examinations with volunteers. In combination with finite element calculations, the current density thresholds are evaluated. For this purpose, anatomically correct, electrical volume conductor models of the index finger have been developed for the kinaesthetical channel, and a worst case estimation is given, which also considers the grade of skin moisture. In the case of the visual channel, the eye, the periphery of the eye ball, and the head are replicated in a model, which represents structures down to sub-millimetre range. The new, calculated current density thresholds are up to two orders of magnitude higher than the estimated values known before: the sensitivity of the kinaesthetical and the visual channel regarding low-frequency electromagnetic fields were overestimated. As numerical calculations and experimental verifications show, field characteristics and individual anatomy of the body strongly influence the resulting current density distribution inside the body. Since receptors react only on the current density in their close vicinity, the current density thresholds in the area of the irritated receptors can be given independent from these factors.","abstract_html":"Low-frequency electromagnetic fields, as they are emitted by facilities of electrical energy supply, can cause so-called non-adequate stimuli in the human organism, if they reach sufficient strength. These non-adequate stimuli can feign or mask adequate stimuli, which are caused by signals from the environment like sound, pressure, or light. Stronger electromagnetic fields can even provoke unpleasant or painful perceptions and can lead to life-threatening situations by irritating nerves and muscles. For this reason, the perception of weak low-frequency fields can be a warning signal. Besides, the sudden occurrence of such a low (actually harmless) perception can further lead to a so-called secondary accident due to a shock reaction and therefore has to be avoided. Therefore, the excitation thresholds of non-adequate stimuli are considered when safety regulations have to be established. However, the questions about mechanisms and places of action of the non-adequate stimulations still remained unanswered; the phenomenological descriptions were always based on external measures such as field strengths or amperages. In this work, the threshold is determined as the current density threshold at the point of origin of the non-adequate irritation. So, the threshold is no longer depending on external parameters like field configuration or individual anatomy. The current density threshold is not accessible by direct measurement, but must be investigated by combining measurements with volunteers and numerical calculations of the intracorporeal field distribution. The kinaesthetical channel (the sense of skin) and the visual channel (the sense of sight) are up to now referred to be the most sensitive sense channels regarding an excitability by low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Earlier estimations, which also form the basis of current discussions about a determination of base limits, resulted in very low values of about 2 mA/m². In this work, the mechanism and origin of non-adequate stimuli as well as the external threshold values are determined through examinations with volunteers. In combination with finite element calculations, the current density thresholds are evaluated. For this purpose, anatomically correct, electrical volume conductor models of the index finger have been developed for the kinaesthetical channel, and a worst case estimation is given, which also considers the grade of skin moisture. In the case of the visual channel, the eye, the periphery of the eye ball, and the head are replicated in a model, which represents structures down to sub-millimetre range. The new, calculated current density thresholds are up to two orders of magnitude higher than the estimated values known before: the sensitivity of the kinaesthetical and the visual channel regarding low-frequency electromagnetic fields were overestimated. As numerical calculations and experimental verifications show, field characteristics and individual anatomy of the body strongly influence the resulting current density distribution inside the body. Since receptors react only on the current density in their close vicinity, the current density thresholds in the area of the irritated receptors can be given independent from these factors.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Lindenblatt, Gunnar"],"institution":"Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Silny, Jiri"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2004,"date_issued":"2004","date_published":"2004","updated_at":"2026-07-30T19:42:39Z","subjects":["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/530","Elektromagnetisches Feld","Niederfrequenz","Elektrische Stromdichte","Rezeptor","Finite-Elemente-Methode","Physik","inadäquate Reizung","Elektrophysiologie","Elektromagnetismus","Sicherheitsrichtlinien"],"languages":["ger"],"rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-121232%22"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-121232%22","href":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-121232%22","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/59447","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Silny, Jiri"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Lindenblatt, Gunnar"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:coverage","label":"Dc Coverage","values":["DE"]},{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2004"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University"]},{"key":"dc:relation","label":"Dc Relation","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-7839"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis","info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/530","Elektromagnetisches Feld","Niederfrequenz","Elektrische Stromdichte","Rezeptor","Finite-Elemente-Methode","Physik","inadäquate Reizung","Elektrophysiologie","Elektromagnetismus","Sicherheitsrichtlinien"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["ger"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/59447","https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-121232%22"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Low-frequency electromagnetic fields, as they are emitted by facilities of electrical energy supply, can cause so-called non-adequate stimuli in the human organism, if they reach sufficient strength. These non-adequate stimuli can feign or mask adequate stimuli, which are caused by signals from the environment like sound, pressure, or light. Stronger electromagnetic fields can even provoke unpleasant or painful perceptions and can lead to life-threatening situations by irritating nerves and muscles. For this reason, the perception of weak low-frequency fields can be a warning signal. Besides, the sudden occurrence of such a low (actually harmless) perception can further lead to a so-called secondary accident due to a shock reaction and therefore has to be avoided. Therefore, the excitation thresholds of non-adequate stimuli are considered when safety regulations have to be established. However, the questions about mechanisms and places of action of the non-adequate stimulations still remained unanswered; the phenomenological descriptions were always based on external measures such as field strengths or amperages. In this work, the threshold is determined as the current density threshold at the point of origin of the non-adequate irritation. So, the threshold is no longer depending on external parameters like field configuration or individual anatomy. The current density threshold is not accessible by direct measurement, but must be investigated by combining measurements with volunteers and numerical calculations of the intracorporeal field distribution. The kinaesthetical channel (the sense of skin) and the visual channel (the sense of sight) are up to now referred to be the most sensitive sense channels regarding an excitability by low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Earlier estimations, which also form the basis of current discussions about a determination of base limits, resulted in very low values of about 2 mA/m². In this work, the mechanism and origin of non-adequate stimuli as well as the external threshold values are determined through examinations with volunteers. In combination with finite element calculations, the current density thresholds are evaluated. For this purpose, anatomically correct, electrical volume conductor models of the index finger have been developed for the kinaesthetical channel, and a worst case estimation is given, which also considers the grade of skin moisture. In the case of the visual channel, the eye, the periphery of the eye ball, and the head are replicated in a model, which represents structures down to sub-millimetre range. The new, calculated current density thresholds are up to two orders of magnitude higher than the estimated values known before: the sensitivity of the kinaesthetical and the visual channel regarding low-frequency electromagnetic fields were overestimated. As numerical calculations and experimental verifications show, field characteristics and individual anatomy of the body strongly influence the resulting current density distribution inside the body. Since receptors react only on the current density in their close vicinity, the current density thresholds in the area of the irritated receptors can be given independent from these factors."]},{"key":"dc:source","label":"Dc Source","values":["Aachen : Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University 163 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. (2004). = Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2004"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Stromdichten in Rezeptoren-Bereichen bei Sinneswahrnehmungen in niederfrequenten elektromagnetischen Feldern"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Silny, Jiri"],"dc:coverage":["DE"],"dc:creator":["Lindenblatt, Gunnar"],"dc:date":["2004"],"dc:description":["Low-frequency electromagnetic fields, as they are emitted by facilities of electrical energy supply, can cause so-called non-adequate stimuli in the human organism, if they reach sufficient strength. These non-adequate stimuli can feign or mask adequate stimuli, which are caused by signals from the environment like sound, pressure, or light. Stronger electromagnetic fields can even provoke unpleasant or painful perceptions and can lead to life-threatening situations by irritating nerves and muscles. For this reason, the perception of weak low-frequency fields can be a warning signal. Besides, the sudden occurrence of such a low (actually harmless) perception can further lead to a so-called secondary accident due to a shock reaction and therefore has to be avoided. Therefore, the excitation thresholds of non-adequate stimuli are considered when safety regulations have to be established. However, the questions about mechanisms and places of action of the non-adequate stimulations still remained unanswered; the phenomenological descriptions were always based on external measures such as field strengths or amperages. In this work, the threshold is determined as the current density threshold at the point of origin of the non-adequate irritation. So, the threshold is no longer depending on external parameters like field configuration or individual anatomy. The current density threshold is not accessible by direct measurement, but must be investigated by combining measurements with volunteers and numerical calculations of the intracorporeal field distribution. The kinaesthetical channel (the sense of skin) and the visual channel (the sense of sight) are up to now referred to be the most sensitive sense channels regarding an excitability by low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Earlier estimations, which also form the basis of current discussions about a determination of base limits, resulted in very low values of about 2 mA/m². In this work, the mechanism and origin of non-adequate stimuli as well as the external threshold values are determined through examinations with volunteers. In combination with finite element calculations, the current density thresholds are evaluated. For this purpose, anatomically correct, electrical volume conductor models of the index finger have been developed for the kinaesthetical channel, and a worst case estimation is given, which also considers the grade of skin moisture. In the case of the visual channel, the eye, the periphery of the eye ball, and the head are replicated in a model, which represents structures down to sub-millimetre range. The new, calculated current density thresholds are up to two orders of magnitude higher than the estimated values known before: the sensitivity of the kinaesthetical and the visual channel regarding low-frequency electromagnetic fields were overestimated. As numerical calculations and experimental verifications show, field characteristics and individual anatomy of the body strongly influence the resulting current density distribution inside the body. Since receptors react only on the current density in their close vicinity, the current density thresholds in the area of the irritated receptors can be given independent from these factors."],"dc:identifier":["https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/59447","https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-121232%22"],"dc:language":["ger"],"dc:publisher":["Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University"],"dc:relation":["info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-7839"],"dc:rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"],"dc:source":["Aachen : Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University 163 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. (2004). = Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2004"],"dc:subject":["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/530","Elektromagnetisches Feld","Niederfrequenz","Elektrische Stromdichte","Rezeptor","Finite-Elemente-Methode","Physik","inadäquate Reizung","Elektrophysiologie","Elektromagnetismus","Sicherheitsrichtlinien"],"dc:title":["Stromdichten in Rezeptoren-Bereichen bei Sinneswahrnehmungen in niederfrequenten elektromagnetischen Feldern"],"dc:type":["info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis","info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-30T19:42:39Z"}