{"id":{"repo_id":"aachen","oai_identifier":"oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:59398"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/aachen/oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:59398","repository":{"repo_id":"aachen","name":"RWTH Aachen University","base_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/oai2d"},"display":{"title":"Applications of unilateral NMR in nondestructive testing","abstract":"In general, in NMR spectroscopy a sample is prepared for the NMR measurement, positioned in the magnet, measured, and discarded. But when non-destructiveness of the sample is more important, it becomes important to rely on relaxation analysis at low resolution NMR. If the samples are big in size the unilateral or single-sided NMR in inhomogeneous fields is an important choice. Unilateral NMR or inside-out NMR is one recognized technique in the field of low resolution NMR. The NMR-MOUSE (Mobile Universal Surface Explorer) belongs to this single-sided NMR concept. It is a palm-size NMR device which is built from two permanent magnets. They are mounted on an iron yoke with anti-parallel polarization. The main direction of the polarization field B0 is across the gap. The rf field B1 is generated by a surface coil which is mounted in the gap. Together with the equation of motion for the nuclear magnetization the profiles of the B0 and B1 fields define the sensitive volume in which the NMR conditions are satisfied. The sensitive volume is restricted to regions near the surface of the examined object. A particularly interesting development in this context is the use of NMR for process and quality control. It implies the lack of invasive sample preparation. Applications of low-resolution NMR are in the food industry, the paper and pulp industry, and in the analysis of building materials and polymer materials. Following research areas has been covered in the Ph.D. thesis: (a) Investigation of Silicone and synthetic rubber samples: Different NMR-MOUSEs have been used for the analysis of industrial and institute made rubber samples (multi-layered PDMS cable shells and cured natural rubber samples). High energy cable shells made of silicone rubber (aged and stretched at different temperature) were investigated successfully with relaxometric analysis with Hahn, CPMG and MQ pulse sequences. Besides the detection of voids in the sample, agglomerates have also been discovered with the NMR imaging technique in silicone as well as natural rubber. The results obtained with the NMR imaging experiments confirm the results obtained with NMR-MOUSE. (b) Investigation of porous building materials: Different NMR-MOUSEs have been used to characterize the size distribution of water filled pores in building materials with the CPMG pulse sequence even in the case of ferromagnetic contaminations. The main idea was to investigate the state of historical building materials which can be subjected to chemical treatment with stone strengtheners for preservation. The shapes and the positions of the relaxation time distributions are similar to those of the pore size distributions obtained by mercury intrusion porosimetry unless the samples exhibit very strong ferromagnetic contaminations (historical brick samples). (c) Degradation of historical papers: In the present work historical books from the 17th century were subjected to the non-destructive relaxometric analysis with the NMR-MOUSE using the Hahn echo pulse sequence. The distribution of relaxation times obtained from inverse Laplace transformation of the Hahn echo envelope data of differently degraded paper samples clearly discriminate the paper types investigated.","abstract_html":"In general, in NMR spectroscopy a sample is prepared for the NMR measurement, positioned in the magnet, measured, and discarded. But when non-destructiveness of the sample is more important, it becomes important to rely on relaxation analysis at low resolution NMR. If the samples are big in size the unilateral or single-sided NMR in inhomogeneous fields is an important choice. Unilateral NMR or inside-out NMR is one recognized technique in the field of low resolution NMR. The NMR-MOUSE (Mobile Universal Surface Explorer) belongs to this single-sided NMR concept. It is a palm-size NMR device which is built from two permanent magnets. They are mounted on an iron yoke with anti-parallel polarization. The main direction of the polarization field B0 is across the gap. The rf field B1 is generated by a surface coil which is mounted in the gap. Together with the equation of motion for the nuclear magnetization the profiles of the B0 and B1 fields define the sensitive volume in which the NMR conditions are satisfied. The sensitive volume is restricted to regions near the surface of the examined object. A particularly interesting development in this context is the use of NMR for process and quality control. It implies the lack of invasive sample preparation. Applications of low-resolution NMR are in the food industry, the paper and pulp industry, and in the analysis of building materials and polymer materials. Following research areas has been covered in the Ph.D. thesis: (a) Investigation of Silicone and synthetic rubber samples: Different NMR-MOUSEs have been used for the analysis of industrial and institute made rubber samples (multi-layered PDMS cable shells and cured natural rubber samples). High energy cable shells made of silicone rubber (aged and stretched at different temperature) were investigated successfully with relaxometric analysis with Hahn, CPMG and MQ pulse sequences. Besides the detection of voids in the sample, agglomerates have also been discovered with the NMR imaging technique in silicone as well as natural rubber. The results obtained with the NMR imaging experiments confirm the results obtained with NMR-MOUSE. (b) Investigation of porous building materials: Different NMR-MOUSEs have been used to characterize the size distribution of water filled pores in building materials with the CPMG pulse sequence even in the case of ferromagnetic contaminations. The main idea was to investigate the state of historical building materials which can be subjected to chemical treatment with stone strengtheners for preservation. The shapes and the positions of the relaxation time distributions are similar to those of the pore size distributions obtained by mercury intrusion porosimetry unless the samples exhibit very strong ferromagnetic contaminations (historical brick samples). (c) Degradation of historical papers: In the present work historical books from the 17th century were subjected to the non-destructive relaxometric analysis with the NMR-MOUSE using the Hahn echo pulse sequence. The distribution of relaxation times obtained from inverse Laplace transformation of the Hahn echo envelope data of differently degraded paper samples clearly discriminate the paper types investigated.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Sharma, Shatrughan"],"institution":"Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Blümich, Bernhard"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2004,"date_issued":"2004","date_published":"2004","updated_at":"2026-07-30T19:42:39Z","subjects":["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/540","Elastomer","Poröser Baustoff","Papierprüfung","Festkörper-NMR-Spektroskopie","Chemie","NMR","NMR Relaxometry","NMR-MOUSE"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-121187%22"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-121187%22","href":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-121187%22","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/59398","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Blümich, Bernhard"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Sharma, Shatrughan"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:coverage","label":"Dc Coverage","values":["DE"]},{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2004"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University"]},{"key":"dc:relation","label":"Dc Relation","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-8101"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis","info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/540","Elastomer","Poröser Baustoff","Papierprüfung","Festkörper-NMR-Spektroskopie","Chemie","NMR","NMR Relaxometry","NMR-MOUSE"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/59398","https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-121187%22"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["In general, in NMR spectroscopy a sample is prepared for the NMR measurement, positioned in the magnet, measured, and discarded. But when non-destructiveness of the sample is more important, it becomes important to rely on relaxation analysis at low resolution NMR. If the samples are big in size the unilateral or single-sided NMR in inhomogeneous fields is an important choice. Unilateral NMR or inside-out NMR is one recognized technique in the field of low resolution NMR. The NMR-MOUSE (Mobile Universal Surface Explorer) belongs to this single-sided NMR concept. It is a palm-size NMR device which is built from two permanent magnets. They are mounted on an iron yoke with anti-parallel polarization. The main direction of the polarization field B0 is across the gap. The rf field B1 is generated by a surface coil which is mounted in the gap. Together with the equation of motion for the nuclear magnetization the profiles of the B0 and B1 fields define the sensitive volume in which the NMR conditions are satisfied. The sensitive volume is restricted to regions near the surface of the examined object. A particularly interesting development in this context is the use of NMR for process and quality control. It implies the lack of invasive sample preparation. Applications of low-resolution NMR are in the food industry, the paper and pulp industry, and in the analysis of building materials and polymer materials. Following research areas has been covered in the Ph.D. thesis: (a) Investigation of Silicone and synthetic rubber samples: Different NMR-MOUSEs have been used for the analysis of industrial and institute made rubber samples (multi-layered PDMS cable shells and cured natural rubber samples). High energy cable shells made of silicone rubber (aged and stretched at different temperature) were investigated successfully with relaxometric analysis with Hahn, CPMG and MQ pulse sequences. Besides the detection of voids in the sample, agglomerates have also been discovered with the NMR imaging technique in silicone as well as natural rubber. The results obtained with the NMR imaging experiments confirm the results obtained with NMR-MOUSE. (b) Investigation of porous building materials: Different NMR-MOUSEs have been used to characterize the size distribution of water filled pores in building materials with the CPMG pulse sequence even in the case of ferromagnetic contaminations. The main idea was to investigate the state of historical building materials which can be subjected to chemical treatment with stone strengtheners for preservation. The shapes and the positions of the relaxation time distributions are similar to those of the pore size distributions obtained by mercury intrusion porosimetry unless the samples exhibit very strong ferromagnetic contaminations (historical brick samples). (c) Degradation of historical papers: In the present work historical books from the 17th century were subjected to the non-destructive relaxometric analysis with the NMR-MOUSE using the Hahn echo pulse sequence. The distribution of relaxation times obtained from inverse Laplace transformation of the Hahn echo envelope data of differently degraded paper samples clearly discriminate the paper types investigated."]},{"key":"dc:source","label":"Dc Source","values":["Aachen : Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University III, 218 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. (2004). = Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2004"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Applications of unilateral NMR in nondestructive testing"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Blümich, Bernhard"],"dc:coverage":["DE"],"dc:creator":["Sharma, Shatrughan"],"dc:date":["2004"],"dc:description":["In general, in NMR spectroscopy a sample is prepared for the NMR measurement, positioned in the magnet, measured, and discarded. But when non-destructiveness of the sample is more important, it becomes important to rely on relaxation analysis at low resolution NMR. If the samples are big in size the unilateral or single-sided NMR in inhomogeneous fields is an important choice. Unilateral NMR or inside-out NMR is one recognized technique in the field of low resolution NMR. The NMR-MOUSE (Mobile Universal Surface Explorer) belongs to this single-sided NMR concept. It is a palm-size NMR device which is built from two permanent magnets. They are mounted on an iron yoke with anti-parallel polarization. The main direction of the polarization field B0 is across the gap. The rf field B1 is generated by a surface coil which is mounted in the gap. Together with the equation of motion for the nuclear magnetization the profiles of the B0 and B1 fields define the sensitive volume in which the NMR conditions are satisfied. The sensitive volume is restricted to regions near the surface of the examined object. A particularly interesting development in this context is the use of NMR for process and quality control. It implies the lack of invasive sample preparation. Applications of low-resolution NMR are in the food industry, the paper and pulp industry, and in the analysis of building materials and polymer materials. Following research areas has been covered in the Ph.D. thesis: (a) Investigation of Silicone and synthetic rubber samples: Different NMR-MOUSEs have been used for the analysis of industrial and institute made rubber samples (multi-layered PDMS cable shells and cured natural rubber samples). High energy cable shells made of silicone rubber (aged and stretched at different temperature) were investigated successfully with relaxometric analysis with Hahn, CPMG and MQ pulse sequences. Besides the detection of voids in the sample, agglomerates have also been discovered with the NMR imaging technique in silicone as well as natural rubber. The results obtained with the NMR imaging experiments confirm the results obtained with NMR-MOUSE. (b) Investigation of porous building materials: Different NMR-MOUSEs have been used to characterize the size distribution of water filled pores in building materials with the CPMG pulse sequence even in the case of ferromagnetic contaminations. The main idea was to investigate the state of historical building materials which can be subjected to chemical treatment with stone strengtheners for preservation. The shapes and the positions of the relaxation time distributions are similar to those of the pore size distributions obtained by mercury intrusion porosimetry unless the samples exhibit very strong ferromagnetic contaminations (historical brick samples). (c) Degradation of historical papers: In the present work historical books from the 17th century were subjected to the non-destructive relaxometric analysis with the NMR-MOUSE using the Hahn echo pulse sequence. The distribution of relaxation times obtained from inverse Laplace transformation of the Hahn echo envelope data of differently degraded paper samples clearly discriminate the paper types investigated."],"dc:identifier":["https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/59398","https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-121187%22"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University"],"dc:relation":["info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-8101"],"dc:rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"],"dc:source":["Aachen : Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University III, 218 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. (2004). = Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2004"],"dc:subject":["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/540","Elastomer","Poröser Baustoff","Papierprüfung","Festkörper-NMR-Spektroskopie","Chemie","NMR","NMR Relaxometry","NMR-MOUSE"],"dc:title":["Applications of unilateral NMR in nondestructive testing"],"dc:type":["info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis","info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-30T19:42:39Z"}