{"id":{"repo_id":"aachen","oai_identifier":"oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:57018"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/aachen/oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:57018","repository":{"repo_id":"aachen","name":"RWTH Aachen University","base_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/oai2d"},"display":{"title":"Investigations of a pre-series of micro strip gas chambers with gas electron multipliers for high rate environments","abstract":"Micro Strip Gas Chambers (MSGCs) are suited for the application in modern experiments of high energy physics because of their good spatial resolution and their high rate capability. The use of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) foils as an additional amplification stage increases the safety of operation, and results in so-called MSGC+GEM detectors. The tracker of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which is being built at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics CERN (Geneva, Switzerland), was envisaged to be equipped with such MSGC+GEM detectors in the forward and backward regions. For this reason, a pre-series of altogether 18 detector modules was built, and underwent a so-called milestone experiment in which they had to prove their suitability under LHC-like conditions. In this paper, the production and the test of five of these pre-series modules are described. Furthermore, it is dealt with aspects of a mass production, possible problems are shown, and attempts for their solution are proposed. The five detector modules, together with 13 identically constructed modules, have been irradiated with a pion beam with a maximum rate of 6 kHz/mm² at the Paul-Scherrer-Institut (Villigen, Switzerland). 16 detector modules met the imposed criteria of the milestone experiment. During a time of 376 hours under LHC-like conditions, 1.42 per thousand of the readout strips have been damaged, which is well below the required portion of 2.3 per thousand, that would correspond to a reduction of the spatial resolution in 5% of the active detector area after 10 years of operation of LHC. Furthermore, the irradiation with large particle rates leads to charging-up effects, which result in an exponential decrease of the gas amplification of the detectors by 10% with a time constant of 14 minutes. But, this and possible ageing effects can be compensated since a stable operation is still possible at two to three times higher amplifications. Additionally, tests with the envisaged readout electronics for the CMS experiment have been done. These tests show that the detector signals are influenced in the expected manner. Thus, the transfer of the results from the milestone experiment to the CMS experiment is possible. Furthermore, a small deviation in the so-called deconvolution mode of the readout electronics has been measured. But this deviation has only a marginal impact on the operation with a detector. Although MSGC+GEM detectors will not be used in the CMS experiment, the results presented here show that the detectors would be suitable and could be produced in large quantities.","abstract_html":"Micro Strip Gas Chambers (MSGCs) are suited for the application in modern experiments of high energy physics because of their good spatial resolution and their high rate capability. The use of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) foils as an additional amplification stage increases the safety of operation, and results in so-called MSGC+GEM detectors. The tracker of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which is being built at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics CERN (Geneva, Switzerland), was envisaged to be equipped with such MSGC+GEM detectors in the forward and backward regions. For this reason, a pre-series of altogether 18 detector modules was built, and underwent a so-called milestone experiment in which they had to prove their suitability under LHC-like conditions. In this paper, the production and the test of five of these pre-series modules are described. Furthermore, it is dealt with aspects of a mass production, possible problems are shown, and attempts for their solution are proposed. The five detector modules, together with 13 identically constructed modules, have been irradiated with a pion beam with a maximum rate of 6 kHz/mm² at the Paul-Scherrer-Institut (Villigen, Switzerland). 16 detector modules met the imposed criteria of the milestone experiment. During a time of 376 hours under LHC-like conditions, 1.42 per thousand of the readout strips have been damaged, which is well below the required portion of 2.3 per thousand, that would correspond to a reduction of the spatial resolution in 5% of the active detector area after 10 years of operation of LHC. Furthermore, the irradiation with large particle rates leads to charging-up effects, which result in an exponential decrease of the gas amplification of the detectors by 10% with a time constant of 14 minutes. But, this and possible ageing effects can be compensated since a stable operation is still possible at two to three times higher amplifications. Additionally, tests with the envisaged readout electronics for the CMS experiment have been done. These tests show that the detector signals are influenced in the expected manner. Thus, the transfer of the results from the milestone experiment to the CMS experiment is possible. Furthermore, a small deviation in the so-called deconvolution mode of the readout electronics has been measured. But this deviation has only a marginal impact on the operation with a detector. Although MSGC+GEM detectors will not be used in the CMS experiment, the results presented here show that the detectors would be suitable and could be produced in large quantities.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Nowack, Andreas"],"institution":"Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Flügge, Günter"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2002,"date_issued":"2002","date_published":"2002","updated_at":"2026-07-30T19:42:01Z","subjects":["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/530","Physik"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-119089%22"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-119089%22","href":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-119089%22","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/57018","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Flügge, Günter"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Nowack, Andreas"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:coverage","label":"Dc Coverage","values":["DE"]},{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2002"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University"]},{"key":"dc:relation","label":"Dc Relation","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-3760"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis","info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/530","Physik"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/57018","https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-119089%22"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Micro Strip Gas Chambers (MSGCs) are suited for the application in modern experiments of high energy physics because of their good spatial resolution and their high rate capability. The use of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) foils as an additional amplification stage increases the safety of operation, and results in so-called MSGC+GEM detectors. The tracker of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which is being built at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics CERN (Geneva, Switzerland), was envisaged to be equipped with such MSGC+GEM detectors in the forward and backward regions. For this reason, a pre-series of altogether 18 detector modules was built, and underwent a so-called milestone experiment in which they had to prove their suitability under LHC-like conditions. In this paper, the production and the test of five of these pre-series modules are described. Furthermore, it is dealt with aspects of a mass production, possible problems are shown, and attempts for their solution are proposed. The five detector modules, together with 13 identically constructed modules, have been irradiated with a pion beam with a maximum rate of 6 kHz/mm² at the Paul-Scherrer-Institut (Villigen, Switzerland). 16 detector modules met the imposed criteria of the milestone experiment. During a time of 376 hours under LHC-like conditions, 1.42 per thousand of the readout strips have been damaged, which is well below the required portion of 2.3 per thousand, that would correspond to a reduction of the spatial resolution in 5% of the active detector area after 10 years of operation of LHC. Furthermore, the irradiation with large particle rates leads to charging-up effects, which result in an exponential decrease of the gas amplification of the detectors by 10% with a time constant of 14 minutes. But, this and possible ageing effects can be compensated since a stable operation is still possible at two to three times higher amplifications. Additionally, tests with the envisaged readout electronics for the CMS experiment have been done. These tests show that the detector signals are influenced in the expected manner. Thus, the transfer of the results from the milestone experiment to the CMS experiment is possible. Furthermore, a small deviation in the so-called deconvolution mode of the readout electronics has been measured. But this deviation has only a marginal impact on the operation with a detector. Although MSGC+GEM detectors will not be used in the CMS experiment, the results presented here show that the detectors would be suitable and could be produced in large quantities."]},{"key":"dc:source","label":"Dc Source","values":["Aachen : Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University X, 172 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. (2002). = Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2002"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Investigations of a pre-series of micro strip gas chambers with gas electron multipliers for high rate environments"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Flügge, Günter"],"dc:coverage":["DE"],"dc:creator":["Nowack, Andreas"],"dc:date":["2002"],"dc:description":["Micro Strip Gas Chambers (MSGCs) are suited for the application in modern experiments of high energy physics because of their good spatial resolution and their high rate capability. The use of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) foils as an additional amplification stage increases the safety of operation, and results in so-called MSGC+GEM detectors. The tracker of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which is being built at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics CERN (Geneva, Switzerland), was envisaged to be equipped with such MSGC+GEM detectors in the forward and backward regions. 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During a time of 376 hours under LHC-like conditions, 1.42 per thousand of the readout strips have been damaged, which is well below the required portion of 2.3 per thousand, that would correspond to a reduction of the spatial resolution in 5% of the active detector area after 10 years of operation of LHC. Furthermore, the irradiation with large particle rates leads to charging-up effects, which result in an exponential decrease of the gas amplification of the detectors by 10% with a time constant of 14 minutes. But, this and possible ageing effects can be compensated since a stable operation is still possible at two to three times higher amplifications. Additionally, tests with the envisaged readout electronics for the CMS experiment have been done. These tests show that the detector signals are influenced in the expected manner. Thus, the transfer of the results from the milestone experiment to the CMS experiment is possible. Furthermore, a small deviation in the so-called deconvolution mode of the readout electronics has been measured. But this deviation has only a marginal impact on the operation with a detector. Although MSGC+GEM detectors will not be used in the CMS experiment, the results presented here show that the detectors would be suitable and could be produced in large quantities."],"dc:identifier":["https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/57018","https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-119089%22"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University"],"dc:relation":["info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-3760"],"dc:rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"],"dc:source":["Aachen : Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University X, 172 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. (2002). = Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2002"],"dc:subject":["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/530","Physik"],"dc:title":["Investigations of a pre-series of micro strip gas chambers with gas electron multipliers for high rate environments"],"dc:type":["info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis","info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-30T19:42:01Z"}