{"id":{"repo_id":"aachen","oai_identifier":"oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:56382"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/aachen/oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:56382","repository":{"repo_id":"aachen","name":"RWTH Aachen University","base_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/oai2d"},"display":{"title":"Verfahrenskombination von Nanofiltration und Adsorption an Pulverkohle zur kontinuierlichen Abwasserreinigung","abstract":"Highly contaminated waste waters (e.g. wastewater from textile dying processes or dumpsite leachate) have to be treated because of their high content of poorly biodegradable organics. A treatment process has to provide both a low cost sink for the organic contaminants and a near-complete removal of critical components. Single step processes can achive only one of these goals. Powdered adsorbents have to be used in high (i.e. expensiv) quantities for complete COD-removal (chemical oxigen demand) resulting in little loadings of the adsorbent (mass of eliminated contaminant per mass of adsorbent). Basically, nanofiltration (NF) presents a promising alternative for rejecting COD – but a highly concentrated brine is inevitable. For reducing the concentrates high recovery rates / concentration factors and, consequently, high COD concentrations are mandatory. But high concentrations lead to excessive osmotic pressures and thus reduced driving forces in the membrane process – low permeate fluxes need to be compensated with high membrane areas. Furthermore, high concentrations result (constant membrane rejection assumed) in higher permeate COD concentrations. As a result, the reduction of the concentrates is limited because of economical and ecological reasons. By performing adsorption on powdered adsorbents – e.g. lignite coke dust (LCD) or powdered activated carbon (PAC) – in an NF-module a new hybrid process was developed, which avoids the weaknesses of the single step processes while fully using their strengths: NF as a COD and solids barrier and the adsorbent as a cost effective sink for the organic contaminants. It could be proved experimentally that the proposed process enables reduced discharge concentrations, higher recovery rates / concentration factors and improved permeate fluxes compared to conventional nanofiltration applications. Based on experimental investigations in laboratory- and bench scale a plant for the treatment of 10 mä/h dumpsite lechate was designed. This capacity is identical with the size of the installed plant at the dumpsite Alsdorf-Warden from which the leachate for the experiments was taken. The specific treatment costs of the NF with upstream / combined adsorption are with 44 DM/mä approximately 50% of the treatment costs in Alsdorf-Warden if lignite coke dust is employed. If powdered activated carbon is added to the leachate upstream of the NF an AOX-concentration in the permeate can be reached that is 50% of the discharge limits at nearly identical treatment costs (46 DM/mä). But if the discharge limit for AOX – that presents the critical parameter for plant design – can already be reached with a traditional NF (without upstream / combined adsorption) this solution is recommended because of the lowest specific treatment costs of 43 DM/m3.","abstract_html":"Highly contaminated waste waters (e.g. wastewater from textile dying processes or dumpsite leachate) have to be treated because of their high content of poorly biodegradable organics. A treatment process has to provide both a low cost sink for the organic contaminants and a near-complete removal of critical components. Single step processes can achive only one of these goals. Powdered adsorbents have to be used in high (i.e. expensiv) quantities for complete COD-removal (chemical oxigen demand) resulting in little loadings of the adsorbent (mass of eliminated contaminant per mass of adsorbent). Basically, nanofiltration (NF) presents a promising alternative for rejecting COD – but a highly concentrated brine is inevitable. For reducing the concentrates high recovery rates / concentration factors and, consequently, high COD concentrations are mandatory. But high concentrations lead to excessive osmotic pressures and thus reduced driving forces in the membrane process – low permeate fluxes need to be compensated with high membrane areas. Furthermore, high concentrations result (constant membrane rejection assumed) in higher permeate COD concentrations. As a result, the reduction of the concentrates is limited because of economical and ecological reasons. By performing adsorption on powdered adsorbents – e.g. lignite coke dust (LCD) or powdered activated carbon (PAC) – in an NF-module a new hybrid process was developed, which avoids the weaknesses of the single step processes while fully using their strengths: NF as a COD and solids barrier and the adsorbent as a cost effective sink for the organic contaminants. It could be proved experimentally that the proposed process enables reduced discharge concentrations, higher recovery rates / concentration factors and improved permeate fluxes compared to conventional nanofiltration applications. Based on experimental investigations in laboratory- and bench scale a plant for the treatment of 10 mä/h dumpsite lechate was designed. This capacity is identical with the size of the installed plant at the dumpsite Alsdorf-Warden from which the leachate for the experiments was taken. The specific treatment costs of the NF with upstream / combined adsorption are with 44 DM/mä approximately 50% of the treatment costs in Alsdorf-Warden if lignite coke dust is employed. If powdered activated carbon is added to the leachate upstream of the NF an AOX-concentration in the permeate can be reached that is 50% of the discharge limits at nearly identical treatment costs (46 DM/mä). But if the discharge limit for AOX – that presents the critical parameter for plant design – can already be reached with a traditional NF (without upstream / combined adsorption) this solution is recommended because of the lowest specific treatment costs of 43 DM/m3.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Eilers, Ludger"],"institution":"Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Melin, Thomas"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2000,"date_issued":"2000","date_published":"2000","updated_at":"2026-07-30T19:41:53Z","subjects":["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/620","Ingenieurwissenschaften","Deponie","Sickerwasser","Abwasserreinigung","Nanofiltration","Adsorption","Aktivkohle","Kontinuierlicher Betrieb","Maßstabübertragung"],"languages":["ger"],"rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-118489%22"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-118489%22","href":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-118489%22","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/56382","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"source_record":{"url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/oai2d?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=oai%3Apublications.rwth-aachen.de%3A56382","prefix":"oai_dc"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Melin, Thomas"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Eilers, Ludger"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:coverage","label":"Dc Coverage","values":["DE"]},{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2000"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University"]},{"key":"dc:relation","label":"Dc Relation","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-1156"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis","info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/620","Ingenieurwissenschaften","Deponie","Sickerwasser","Abwasserreinigung","Nanofiltration","Adsorption","Aktivkohle","Kontinuierlicher Betrieb","Maßstabübertragung"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["ger"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/56382","https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-118489%22"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Highly contaminated waste waters (e.g. wastewater from textile dying processes or dumpsite leachate) have to be treated because of their high content of poorly biodegradable organics. A treatment process has to provide both a low cost sink for the organic contaminants and a near-complete removal of critical components. Single step processes can achive only one of these goals. Powdered adsorbents have to be used in high (i.e. expensiv) quantities for complete COD-removal (chemical oxigen demand) resulting in little loadings of the adsorbent (mass of eliminated contaminant per mass of adsorbent). Basically, nanofiltration (NF) presents a promising alternative for rejecting COD – but a highly concentrated brine is inevitable. For reducing the concentrates high recovery rates / concentration factors and, consequently, high COD concentrations are mandatory. But high concentrations lead to excessive osmotic pressures and thus reduced driving forces in the membrane process – low permeate fluxes need to be compensated with high membrane areas. Furthermore, high concentrations result (constant membrane rejection assumed) in higher permeate COD concentrations. As a result, the reduction of the concentrates is limited because of economical and ecological reasons. By performing adsorption on powdered adsorbents – e.g. lignite coke dust (LCD) or powdered activated carbon (PAC) – in an NF-module a new hybrid process was developed, which avoids the weaknesses of the single step processes while fully using their strengths: NF as a COD and solids barrier and the adsorbent as a cost effective sink for the organic contaminants. It could be proved experimentally that the proposed process enables reduced discharge concentrations, higher recovery rates / concentration factors and improved permeate fluxes compared to conventional nanofiltration applications. Based on experimental investigations in laboratory- and bench scale a plant for the treatment of 10 mä/h dumpsite lechate was designed. This capacity is identical with the size of the installed plant at the dumpsite Alsdorf-Warden from which the leachate for the experiments was taken. The specific treatment costs of the NF with upstream / combined adsorption are with 44 DM/mä approximately 50% of the treatment costs in Alsdorf-Warden if lignite coke dust is employed. If powdered activated carbon is added to the leachate upstream of the NF an AOX-concentration in the permeate can be reached that is 50% of the discharge limits at nearly identical treatment costs (46 DM/mä). But if the discharge limit for AOX – that presents the critical parameter for plant design – can already be reached with a traditional NF (without upstream / combined adsorption) this solution is recommended because of the lowest specific treatment costs of 43 DM/m3."]},{"key":"dc:source","label":"Dc Source","values":["Aachen : Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University 167, A15 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. (2000). = Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2000"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Verfahrenskombination von Nanofiltration und Adsorption an Pulverkohle zur kontinuierlichen Abwasserreinigung"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Melin, Thomas"],"dc:coverage":["DE"],"dc:creator":["Eilers, Ludger"],"dc:date":["2000"],"dc:description":["Highly contaminated waste waters (e.g. wastewater from textile dying processes or dumpsite leachate) have to be treated because of their high content of poorly biodegradable organics. A treatment process has to provide both a low cost sink for the organic contaminants and a near-complete removal of critical components. Single step processes can achive only one of these goals. Powdered adsorbents have to be used in high (i.e. expensiv) quantities for complete COD-removal (chemical oxigen demand) resulting in little loadings of the adsorbent (mass of eliminated contaminant per mass of adsorbent). Basically, nanofiltration (NF) presents a promising alternative for rejecting COD – but a highly concentrated brine is inevitable. For reducing the concentrates high recovery rates / concentration factors and, consequently, high COD concentrations are mandatory. But high concentrations lead to excessive osmotic pressures and thus reduced driving forces in the membrane process – low permeate fluxes need to be compensated with high membrane areas. Furthermore, high concentrations result (constant membrane rejection assumed) in higher permeate COD concentrations. As a result, the reduction of the concentrates is limited because of economical and ecological reasons. By performing adsorption on powdered adsorbents – e.g. lignite coke dust (LCD) or powdered activated carbon (PAC) – in an NF-module a new hybrid process was developed, which avoids the weaknesses of the single step processes while fully using their strengths: NF as a COD and solids barrier and the adsorbent as a cost effective sink for the organic contaminants. It could be proved experimentally that the proposed process enables reduced discharge concentrations, higher recovery rates / concentration factors and improved permeate fluxes compared to conventional nanofiltration applications. Based on experimental investigations in laboratory- and bench scale a plant for the treatment of 10 mä/h dumpsite lechate was designed. This capacity is identical with the size of the installed plant at the dumpsite Alsdorf-Warden from which the leachate for the experiments was taken. The specific treatment costs of the NF with upstream / combined adsorption are with 44 DM/mä approximately 50% of the treatment costs in Alsdorf-Warden if lignite coke dust is employed. If powdered activated carbon is added to the leachate upstream of the NF an AOX-concentration in the permeate can be reached that is 50% of the discharge limits at nearly identical treatment costs (46 DM/mä). But if the discharge limit for AOX – that presents the critical parameter for plant design – can already be reached with a traditional NF (without upstream / combined adsorption) this solution is recommended because of the lowest specific treatment costs of 43 DM/m3."],"dc:identifier":["https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/56382","https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-118489%22"],"dc:language":["ger"],"dc:publisher":["Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University"],"dc:relation":["info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-1156"],"dc:rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"],"dc:source":["Aachen : Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University 167, A15 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. (2000). = Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2000"],"dc:subject":["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/620","Ingenieurwissenschaften","Deponie","Sickerwasser","Abwasserreinigung","Nanofiltration","Adsorption","Aktivkohle","Kontinuierlicher Betrieb","Maßstabübertragung"],"dc:title":["Verfahrenskombination von Nanofiltration und Adsorption an Pulverkohle zur kontinuierlichen Abwasserreinigung"],"dc:type":["info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis","info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-30T19:41:53Z"}