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Based on the selection of materials, an extensive literature research has been carried out. 208 publications investigating the toxicological effects of the selected materials were determined. In a quantitative analysis, typical characteristics of the identified publications were studied. The number of relevant publications has increased significantly since the mid eighties. In most publications, adverse health effects were studied on a group of dentists. In order to analyze the effect of a certain material, the publications were assigned to one or more material classes. Amalgam was found to be the most frequently examined material. Mercury is a potential health hazard for the dental team, and its effects on the human body are still unexplained. The complex mixture of composites causes a multitude of reactions, in particular allergic ones. Depending on their composition, dental alloys also have a strong allergic potential. Serious lung diseases can be caused by dust of dental alloys. 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The number of relevant publications has increased significantly since the mid eighties. In most publications, adverse health effects were studied on a group of dentists. In order to analyze the effect of a certain material, the publications were assigned to one or more material classes. Amalgam was found to be the most frequently examined material. Mercury is a potential health hazard for the dental team, and its effects on the human body are still unexplained. The complex mixture of composites causes a multitude of reactions, in particular allergic ones. Depending on their composition, dental alloys also have a strong allergic potential. Serious lung diseases can be caused by dust of dental alloys. There is scientific evidence that some dental materials cause adverse health effects. A huge number of national and international rules and standards for coping with these materials exists, and an international harmonization is essential. 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