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Showing 1 to 20 of 38 for “"zygotes"”.
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OVERT AND LATENT PATHWAYS OF POLARITY SPECIFICATION IN ZYGOTES: THE HAPLOID-TO-DIPLOID TRANSITION
… Rax1 and/or elimination of mitochondrial DNA. In zygotes which lack functional mitochondria, expression of ATP1-111, a mutant of the F1F0-ATPase alpha subunit, largely restores wild-type budding patterns. These observations highlight initial zygotic polarity specification mechanisms as distinct …
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The direct injection of CRISPR/Cas9 system into porcine zygotes for genetically modified pig production
… injection into the cytoplasm of developing zygotes. By using direct injection of CRISPR/Cas9 into developing zygotes, we successfully generated fetuses and piglets containing 9 different mutations. The total number of aborted fetuses was 20 and of live piglets was 55. Moreover, one issue …
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Effect of culture conditions, donor source, and injection site on in vitro development of deoxyribonucleic acid microinjected porcine zygotes
… support development of DNA microinjected porcine zygotes. Development in vitro was compared between embryos collected from postpubertal and prepubertal donors and between embryos injected with DNA into the pronucleus and the cytoplasm. Additionally, embryos were analyzed by the polymerase chain …
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The In Vitro Transgene Expression and In Vivo Transgene Integration of Condensed DNA Injected into the Cytoplasm of Murine Zygotes
… and injected into the cytoplasm of murine zygotes at three concentrations (100, 425 and 625 µg/ml). Zygotes injected with the highest concentration had the highest percentages of fluorescing embryos (44%), fluorescing morula and blastocysts (16.7%), and the lowest percentage of mosaicism …
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Short-term recovery from a volume increase in the mouse zygote: Characteristics of regulatory volume decrease in vitro.
Mouse zygotes have been shown to recover from an imposed increase in volume, a process known as a regulatory volume decrease or RVD, via separate but functionally coupled Cl- and K+ channels. The objectives of this thesis were to further determine some of the characteristics of these Cl- and K+ …
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Evaluation of techniques for the production of transgenic animals
… after pronuclear microinjection of mouse zygotes cultured to various stages of development. The transgene was detected in 88% of 1-cell, 88% of 2-cell, 44% of 4- cell, 40% of morula, and 29% of blastocysts. By comparison, the integration frequency for transgenic mice made using the same …
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DISSECTING THE ROLE OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN EARLY MAMMALIAN EMBRYOGENESIS
… successfully detects H2O2 in both oocytes and zygotes. However, under control conditions, a significant increase in signal was observed after 20 minutes imaging, suggesting that phototoxicity may contribute to this rise during the image acquisition procedure. Nevertheless, both oocytes and …
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Strategies for Improving Reproductive Efficiency of Beef Cattle with Assisted Reproductive Technologies
… Experiment 3 examined if size parameters of zygotes have potential as a non-invasive, objective embryo selection method. The outer diameter, area of ooplasm, and thickness of zona pellucida (ZP) was digitally measured on individual artificially activated oocytes and in-vitro fertilized (IVF) …
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Expanding the genome editing toolbox for biomedical applications
… transgenes (up to 4.7 kb) as ssDNA to the zygotes, which is followed by electroporation of Cas9-RNPs. This results in improved and precise genome editing. However, a thorough quality control (QC) process for the targeted site following this method has yet to be developed, and as a result, …
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Vitrification of Bovine Oocytes
… Studies were conducted to vitrify mouse zygotes and cumulus-intact bovine oocytes from follicles of different diameters, small (≤ 4 mm) and medium (4 to 10 mm), using nylon mesh. The specific goals were to assess changes in apoptotic gene expression (Fas-FasL, Bax, Bcl-2, and survivin) in …
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Organization of Human Sperm Chromosomes During Pronuclei Formation
… development as detected by DNA staining in zygotes. The latter characteristic is proposed to reflect the cryptic nuclear heterogeneity in population of morphologically, mature normal sperm.</p> <p>Chromatin transformation in pronuclei was established by immunolocalizaton of protamines in …
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Assessment of Murine Embryo Development Following Electroporation and Microinjection of a Green Fluorescent Protein DNA Construct
… chamber on development was evaluated using zygotes which received one pulse duration (10 msec), and one of two voltages (250 or 400 V). Zygotes that received 400 V had the lowest development score (Group, 2.06 ? 0.12; Linear, 1.97 ? 0.13), irrespective of orientation. Embryos that received …
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In vitro assessment of fertilization and embryo development with Bovine spermatozoa after scrotal insulation
… after a scrotal insulation (PI) period of 48 h. Zygotes were cultured for 8 d when a developmental score was assigned to each embryo; subpopulations were subjected to either the TUNEL or caspase assays to determine apoptosis. In the final experiment pronuclear decondensation for presumptive …
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Population genetic structure of a planktonic diatom in the Gulf of naples : <i>Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata</i>
… Genetic identity of sister cells emerging from zygotes formed on the same parental gametangia indicate that one of the two nuclei resulting from the first meiotic division is eliminated. Each maternal gamete fuses with a paternal gamete, resulting in two zygotes, which, in this case, were …
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Telomerase Activity in Human Preimplantation Embryos
… level. Immature oocytes, mature oocytes, zygotes, 2–3 cell, 4–5 cell, 6–7 cell, 8–16 cell embryos, morulae, and blastocysts were evaluated individually for telomerase activity. Thawed zygotes cultured to day three were biopsied, by removing 1–2 cells and the biopsied embryos followed …
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Control of endometrial secretion in cattle and production of transgenic swine
… ovulation induced with PMSG and hCG (PRE). Zygotes from PRE donors received microinjection of buffer, DNA or no microinjection. Ova were cultured in modified Krebs Ringer Bicarbonate medium (KRB) or mouse oviduct (MO) explants. SALT and PRE had higher ovulation rates than LALT (24.7 ± 2.9, …
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The effects of treated sewage effluent on three species of marine macroalgae
… and mortality of P. comosa and H. banksii zygotes and embryos, and germination and germination tube growth of M. angustifolia spores were utilised as acute toxicity test endpoints. Germination bioassays were of 48 hours duration whilst mortality bioassays were conducted over 96 hours. …
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Maintaining Proper Levels of DNA Methylation Marks Through the TET Family is Critical for Normal Embryo Development in Pigs
… play an important role in DNA demethylation in zygotes. In a follow-up study, the role of the TET3 CXXC domain in controlling post-fertilization demethylation in porcine embryos was investigated by injecting TET3 GFP-CXXC into mature porcine oocytes. The injected CXXC was exclusively localized …
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Involvement of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in porcine gametogenesis and preimplantation embryo development
… in parthenogenetically activated oocytes and zygotes reconstructed by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Boar sperm TFAM was found to be posttranslationally modified by ubiquitination and relegated to sperm tail principal piece in fully differentiated spermatozoa. These data suggest that …
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Nuclear Transfer With Porcine Embryonic Stem Cells
… beyond the four-cell stage. However, enucleated zygotes supported development of NT embryos beyond the four-cell stage to the compact morula stage. These results provide preliminary evidence for in vitro development of NT embryos produced from porcine ES cells.
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