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Showing 1 to 20 of 125 for “"xenobiotics"”.
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Metabolism of Two Model Xenobiotics in Cultured Plant Cells
… in culture were found to oxygenate two model xenobiotics. Para-chlorophenyl methyl sulfide was S-oxidized by carrot, cotton, tobacco, alfalfa, and blacknightshade cell cultures. The rates of S-oxygenation by cultured plant cells were comparable to the rates in animal tissue preparations. The …
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Reaction of the marine flatworm Macrostomum lignano exposed to xenobiotics
Xenobiotics are substances of various origins that accumulate in the environment and can have a negative impact on parts of the ecosystem. Marine coastal regions, especially river estuaries, play a prominent role in this context. The marine flatworm Macrostomum lignano is a perfect model organism …
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A comparison of the effects of xenobiotics on hepatic haem metabolism
Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 has previously been postulated to be an important factor in determining the rates of hepatic haem biosynthesis and biodegradation. The basis for this proposal is that the haem moiety of cytochrome P-450 appears to be in equilibrium between binding to …
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Role of Mixed Function Oxidases of Insects in Their Response to Xenobiotics
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-11T18:05:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 7206872.pdf: 9302977 bytes, checksum: eae36cd9999a9d95d6e83c35fa4a0610 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1971
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The interaction of xenobiotics and anaesthetic agents with hepatic microsomal stearate desaturase
… investigation into the reaction of halogenated xenobiotics and anaesthetic agents, with hepatic microsomal stearate desaturase. The levels of stearate desaturase in the hepatic microsomes were routinely elevated by re-feeding the experimental animals a high carbohydrate diet. The interaction of …
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Characterisation of the sulfotransferases catalysing the sulfation of xenobiotics and steroids in bovine liver
… only involved in the detoxification of drugs and xenobiotics but also in the bioactivation of procarcinogens. It is also important in the metabolism of several drugs used routinely in cattle. However, very little work has been carried out on SULTs in cattle. A variety of in vitro tools are …
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INTEGRATION OF QUANTUM-MECHANICAL AND MOLECULAR DOCKING APPROACHES IN GLOBAL METHODS FOR METABOLISM PREDICTION OF XENOBIOTICS
In silico methods represent a great opportunity to speed up some steps of the drug discovery process. Two in silico strategies that can be useful at different stages of the drug discovery process are presented here: in silico xenobiotic metabolism prediction and QSAR modeling. The former can be …
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Behavioral and biochemical processing of natural and synthetic xenobiotics in the western honey bee apis mellifera
… in the detoxification of natural and synthetic xenobiotics. I approached this question from a behavioral perspective by assessing the extent to which foragers can detect and avoid natural and synthetic xenobiotics, and from a biochemical perspective, by determining how detoxification capacity …
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Numerical methods for optimization problems in water flow and reactive solute transport processes of xenobiotics in soils
… An efficient method for parameter estimation of xenobiotics in soils: The parameter estimation problem constrained by PDEs and ODEs is transformed by discretization into a large scale nonlinear constrained least-squares problem. Finite differences are employed for spatial discretization. …
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Identification of Novel CYP2E1 Inhibitor to Investigate Cellular and Exosomal CYP2E1-Mediated Toxicity
… Diallyl sulfide (DAS) has been shown to prevent xenobiotics such as alcohol- (ALC/ETH), acetaminophen- (APAP) induced toxicity and disease (e.g. HIV-1) pathogenesis. DAS imparts its beneficial effect by inhibiting CYP2E1-mediated metabolism of xenobiotics, especially at high concentration. …
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Assessing Hepatic Gene Expression in Response to Xenobiotic Exposure in Mice
Xenobiotics are plant derived compounds metabolized by phase I and II liver enzymes. Phase I enzymes increase, and phase II enzymes decrease, xenobiotic toxicity. Xenobiotics considered were ergotamine, associated with fescue toxicosis, and sulforaphane, a phase II inducer. Hypothesized responses …
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Microbial Ecology: Spatial Aspects of Pesticide Degradation
… discontinuous water films on bioavailability of xenobiotics to soil microorganisms was examined in the third study. Comparisons were made between two scenarios for distributing the xenobiotic relative to an inoculated degrader under a range of soil moisture conditions. Spatial proximity of …
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Evaluation of the induction of rat hepatic and pancreatic glutathione S-transferases by treatment with the cruciferous nitrile, cyanohydroxybutene
… of glutathione (GSH) to electrophilic xenobiotics. As peroxidases, they detoxify organic hydroperoxides. Each isoenzyme has a unique level of activity in detoxifying xenobiotics, including certain carcinogens. The amount of individual isoenzymes within tissues and cells, particularly in …
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Identification and Characterization of A Zebrafish Glutathione S-Transferase Pi
… metabolism, as well as in the detoxification of xenobiotics including drugs. In recent years, the zebrafish has increasingly been used as a promising animal model for biomedical research. This study is part of an effort to establish the zebrafish as a model for studying GST-mediated glutathione …
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Establishing species-specific 3D liver microtissues for repeat dose toxicology and advancing in vitro to in vivo translation through computational modelling
… the occurrence of adverse effects from xenobiotics remains limited [2]. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a major encumbrance to the development of new therapeutics with approximately 21% of drug attrition attributed to toxicity during the development process [3]. The in vivo/ex …
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Nash Alters Drug Metabolizing Enzyme and Transporter Expression Resulting in Significant Consequences for Pharmaceutical Disposition and Toxicity
… innumerable amount of foreign substances, termed xenobiotics, which it must remove in order to prevent damage to cells and organs. This system of removal is a collection of processes known as ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion). The dynamics of ADME ultimately determine the …
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Der mikrobielle Umsatz von Ernterückständen in einem landwirtschaftlich genutzten Boden und dessen Beeinflussung durch ausgewählte Xenobiotika
… the end of the incubation time of 150 days both xenobiotics induced a concentration-dependent increase of the fungal biomass with the strongest increase in the soils with highest concentrations of Benazolin and Benzo[a]pyrene. However, this had no effect on the structure of the fungal …
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