Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 41 for “"water disinfection"”.
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Sodium hypochlorite generation for household water disinfection in Haiti
Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2001.
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Comparative Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Drinking Water Disinfection by -Products
The quantitative rank order of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the DBPs showed that brominated haloacetic acids were more genotoxic than their chlorinated analogs in mammalian cells. The difference in the responses to DBPs by bacterial and mammalian cells suggests that the relative risks based …
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Antimicrobial Materials for Water Disinfection Based on Visible-Light Photocatalysts
… inactivation of bacteria and bacterial spores in water. Fast killing rate was obtained for the inactivation of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and B. subtilis endospores. The results of mechanistic study provided evidence of oxidative damages, and indicated that hydroxyl radicals are one of the …
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Numerical Simulation of an Open Channel Ultraviolet Waste-water Disinfection Reactor
The disinfection characteristics of an open channel ultra-violet (UV) wastewater disinfection reactor are investigated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The model is based on the volume of fluid method to capture the water-air interface, the Lagrangian particle tracking method to …
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Drinking water disinfection by-products detection, formation and the precursors removal study
… (THMs) are two groups of commonly found disinfection by-products (DBPs). Iodinated THMs and HAAs were observed after disinfection of water containing high level of iodide and are proved to be more toxic than their corresponding chlorinated and brominated species. In the presented …
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Sodium hypochlorite generation for household water disinfection : a cast study in Nepal
Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.
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Quantitative, Comparative Toxicity and Toxicogenomic Analyses of Nitrogenous Drinking Water Disinfection by-Products
The disinfection of drinking water was perhaps the most important public health achievement of the 20th century. Drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) are an unintended consequence of a chemical reaction between natural and synthetic organic/inorganic materials in the source water and the …
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Efficacy of gravity-fed chlorination system for community-scale water disinfection in northern Ghana
… is one of the lowest cost ways of providing disinfection, currently billions of people lack drinking water that has had this simple treatment. Arch Chemical's Pulsar 1 unit is an innovation in chlorine dosing in that it is a gravity-fed system which does not require electricity while …
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Rapid, Quantitative Assessment of Antimycobacterial Water Disinfection based on the Firefly Luciferase Reporter Gene
… avium. M. avium has been recovered from drinking water and strains from water share identical DNA fingerprints with isolates recovered from patients exposed to the water. Further, M. avium is resistant to chlorine, a disinfectant commonly used in municipal water supplies. Because of the slow …
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Evaluation of silver nanoparticle-fortified biochar as a reactive filter media for irrigation water disinfection
… contamination pathway is contaminated irrigation water. In an effort to combat the issue of foodborne illnesses, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration introduced new regulations targeting the food production industry, including a stricter law regarding the allowable amount of bacteria in …
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In vitro toxicology of complex mixtures from drinking water disinfection and amine-based carbon capture systems
… The first are complex mixtures of drinking waters contaminated with a common pharmaceutical, resulting in the generation of iodinated disinfection by-products (DBPs), a set of DBPs that are currently unregulated but have been found to be more toxic than their analogs with other halogens. The …
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Removal of selected water disinfection byproducts, and MTBE in batch and continuous flow systems using alternative sorbents.
… to evaluate the sorption characteristics of six disinfection byproducts (DBPs) on four sorbents. To investigate sorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), specially designed experimental batch and continuous flow modules were developed. The investigated compounds included: chloroform, …
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Drinking water disinfection by-products: toxicological impacts and biological mechanisms induced by individual compounds or as complex mixtures
The introduction of drinking water disinfection greatly reduced the incidence of waterborne diseases. However, the reaction between disinfectants and natural or synthetic organic matter in the source water can lead to an unintended consequence which is the formation of drinking water disinfection …
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Bacteriophage PRD1 as a potential surrogate for adenovirus in drinking water disinfection with free chlorine, low pressure ultraviolet light, and sunlight
Waterborne pathogens are increasingly a worldwide concern in drinking water because of their ability to cause high levels of morbidity and mortality. Especially in developing regions, a lack of access to safe drinking water, adequate sanitation, and resources to implement water treatment processes …
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Toxicity mechanism of anthropogenic water contaminants: drinking water disinfection by-products (haloacetic acids) and particle associated contaminants from sealcoats (polyaromatic hydrocarbons) in lake sediments
Drinking water disinfection was one of the major public health accomplishments of 20th century. Water disinfection helps in reducing waterborne diseases like typhoid fever, cholera, and hepatitis A. However, chemical water disinfection also produces unwanted toxic chemicals, known as water …
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Assessment of the Enhanced Disinfection Capacity of the New Life International - Model 11 Water Purifier when Coupled with a Continuous Power Supply
… who have no or limited access to safe drinking water at nearly two billion. Every year, millions of people die due to diseases contracted from unsafe drinking water. Disinfection of drinking water by chlorination could prevent the vast majority of these deaths. New Life International is a …
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Effect of pH and Temperature on Halogenated DBPs
<p>Water scarcity is one of the most challenging issues in the world in the 21st century. It is estimated that there are more than one billion of people without adequate access to freshwater and facing water shortages and water deficits. People are forced to drink polluted water despite the risk of …
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Feasibility of semi-continuous solar disinfection system for developing countries at a household level
… study to assess the feasibility of a novel solar water disinfection system developed by the author, Semi-Continuous Solar Disinfection (SC-SODIS), was conducted. Three aspects of SC-SODIS feasibility were considered: technical, social and economic feasibility. This study focused on developing …
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Spirasol : improvements to semi-continuous solar disinfection water treatment systems
… feasibility of an original point of use solar water disinfection system created by the author and named "Spirasol." The study primarily focused on the comparison of microbial removal levels in the Spirasol system and the more traditional solar disinfection method called SODIS that uses a …
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Designing of a prototype heat-sealer to manufacture solar water sterilization pouches for use in developing nations
Water purification proves to be a difficult task in many developing nations. The SODIS (SOlar water DISinfection) process is a method which improves the microbiological quality of water making it safer for drinking and cooking using the UV-A rays and heat from the sun. Even simple processes such as …
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