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Showing 1 to 20 of 27 for “"volatile matter"”.
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A Study of the Volatile Matter of Coal as a Function of the Heating Rate
A study of volatile matter yields as a function of the heating rate was conducted. A suite of 21 coal and coke samples varying in rank from anthracitic to lignitic and heating rates from 10°C/min to about 450°C/min were used in the study. Heating rates up to 60°C per minute, which are typically …
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The analysis of the gaseous portions of the volatile matter of Virginia coals given off or released at several different temperatures
Due to many unexpected difficulties which developed as the method was being worked out, all of the desired information on these coals was not obtained. Therefore, most of the allotted time has to be devoted to the standardizing of the apparatus. Many of the small but important points of technique, …
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The low pressure hydrogenation of Midlothian coal
… the first 24 hours period of hydrogenation, the volatile matter content of the carbonaceous residue increased by 5.0 percent after which the volatile matter decreased by 6.2 percent during the following 48 hour period. 6. During the hydrogenation reaction of 72 hours the fixed carbon content of …
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Factors affecting the yields and properties of the products of the low-temperature carbonization of Penn-Lee coal fromm southwestern Virginia
… free-swelling index, the weight loss, and the volatile matter in Penn-Lee coal. Time and temperature had a significant effect upon the free-swelling index. Temperature of pretreatment had a significant effect on the weight loss during pretreatment. Time and the time by temperature effect were …
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Optimization of Great Plains Coal Gasification Using Aspen/SP
… heat transfer coefficient to the jacket, and volatile heat capacity) that were verified to be the best established values or were optimized using a pattern search to obtain model predictions used for statistical analysis and comparison to plant data. The volatile heat capacity assumes that the …
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The high pressure hydrogenation of midlothian coal
… process on a commercial production basis. The volatile matter and fixed carbo of a coal are the constituents which enter into the hydrogenation reaction. The volatile matter is considered to be mostly unsaturated aromatic compounds which are readily hydrogenated. Midlothian coal contains 33 per …
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Evaluating of Thermal Treatment of Canola Dockage
… the bulk density of 73±5 g/l. Ash content and volatile matter of raw feedstock accounted for about 6.19±0.16% and 70.1±0.2% (w/w). The carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur content of raw canola dockage was obtained using Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur analysis and found to be 40.9%, …
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High Grade Carbon From Crop Oil Tars
… by carbon content analysis and moisture content/volatile matter/fixed carbon/ash content evolution analysis. Characterization of the liquid phase was performed by liquid analysis for fuel cuts and acid concentration analysis. The gas phase was characterized by gas chromatography.</p> <p>Carbon …
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Trocknung von Braunkohlen mittels hochfrequenter-elektromagnetischer Strahlung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Braunkohlen des rheinischen Reviers
… molecules. Taking this into consideration the volatile matter of each sample was surveyed. The microwave drying process was conducted in two steps. The first focussed on the fundamentals of the process while the second addressed the up-scaling feasibility. The initial research was carried out …
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The concentration of germanium in coal
… gravity fractions were analyzed for ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and germanium. Richer fractions of the coal were further treated by solvent extraction, and on the basis of these tests, extraction tests of varying times were conducted. In addition, a sample of the coal was tested by …
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Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Kinetics and Quality Parameters to Determine Spontaneous Combustion Propensity of U.S. Coals
… analysis of coal, it is believed that sulfur and volatile matter in coal are the main intrinsic factors that cause the self-heating of coal. Their oxidation at lower temperatures than that of fixed carbon to initiate coal's self-heating should be quantified.;In order for better understanding …
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Paleoenvironmental, paleoecological and thermal metamorphism implications on the organic petrography and organic geochemistry of Tertiary Tanjung Enim coal, South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia
… The thermally metamorphosed coals are of medium-volatile bituminous to meta-anthracite rank (high vitrinite reflectance, VRr up to 5.18%). The studied low rank coals are dominated by huminite. Less abundant are liptinite and inertinite. Minerals are found only in small amounts; mostly as iron …
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TGA-MS studies of the pyrolysis of corn stover for charcoal production
… proximate analysis in terms of moisture, volatile matter, and charcoal content. TGA-MS data for the three materials was used to understand the emissions of H20, CO, H2S and C4H2 as a function of temperature. Activation energy, Ea, and pre-exponential factor, A, were calculated using the …
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Litter production and accumulation in naturally seeded, old-field, Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill.) stands
… the 36-year-old stand. Maximum litter-layer dry matter weight of 139 mt/ha and volatile matter weight (loss on ignition at 525°C) of 52 mt/ha occurred in the 36-year-old stand. The depth and maximum water storage of the litterlayer increased with stand age to a maximum of 5.34 cm and 1.42 cm …
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Characteristic of renewable polymer incorporated with stabilizer to characterize the endurance to ultra voilet irradiation exposure
… moulding at 90 oC based on the evaporation of volatile matter and the product is known as compressed renewable polymer (CR). Composites of RF and CR is known as RFC and CRC respectively. The physical, vibration and damping properties are measured to determine the endurance of renewable polymer …
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Laboratory test methods for the determination of the corrosion of metals in tallol at high temperatures
… corrosive properties of the tallol of removing volatile components, of which a large proportion was water, was studied by determining the corrosion rates of aluminum, steel, nickel and copper at 300° C. when condensable volatile matter was returned to the system, and when it was allowed to …
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SEASONAL FLAMMABILITY COMPARISONS OF NATIVE AND EXOTIC PLANTS IN THE POST OAK SAVANNAH, BLACKLAND PRAIRIE, AND PINEYWOODS ECOREGIONS OF TEXAS
… (NHC-AF; MJ kg<sup>-1</sup>) and proportions of volatile matter (VM%), fixed carbon (FC%), and ash percent (ash%). Pyrolytic and oxidative thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) estimated model-free activation energies (<em>E<sub>a</sub></em>(s)), relative spontaneous ignition temperature (RSIT; °C), …
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Extracting phycocyanin from spirulina and hydrothermal liquefaction of its residues to produce bio-crude oil
… bio-crude oil yield of 38 % (based on dry volatile matter) was obtained at 300˚C. The highest higher heating value is 37.1 MJ/kg occurred at 300°C reaction temperature. Elemental analysis revealed that the decarboxylation and denitrification may be dominant from 260˚C to 300°C following …
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Co-Pyrolysis and Co-Combustion of Coal and Biomass
… is the impact on the emission of NOx, SOx, volatile organic compounds and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. These latter compounds largely arise from their formation and release during incomplete combustion/gasification. There is evidence that co-firing or co-gasifying coal and biomass results in a …
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Adsorption Performance and Cold Plasma Activation of Biochar for On-Site CH₄ Storage and Energy Recovery in Oil Fields
… plasma duration was 30 minutes; the initial volatile matter content of biochar directly governs plasma modification efficiency; and Ar plasma is the most effective source gas, increasing CH₄ adsorption capacity by up to 73%. It was also demonstrated that O₂ in plasma gas (i.e., air or O₂/He) …
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