Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 22 for “"virus evolution"”.
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Characterization of influenza A virus evolution in laboratory hosts
Surveillance of influenza A virus (IAV) is conducted for many different hosts including humans, swine, poultry, and wild birds. The surveillance samples are screened by various methods, but ultimately the isolates that are positive for IAV are propagated in a laboratory host prior to genome …
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Attenuation of Interferon Responses in the Obese Host and Ramifications for Influenza Virus Evolution
… diseases. Following the 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus pandemic, obesity was identified as a risk factor for increased disease severity and mortality in infected individuals. Obesity causes a chronic state of meta-inflammation with systemic implications for immunity, including delayed antiviral …
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Development, Characterization, and Use of Molecular Tools to Study Immune-Driven Zika Virus Evolution
Emerging viruses represent a significant threat to human health. Understanding the drivers of emergence, such as viral evolution, is a critical avenue to combat these pathogens. One specific group of emerging pathogens of interest is flaviviruses. Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses …
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Virus discovery using current and novel methods
… samples, and ancient remains. The recovery of viruses from such datasets can provide insights into the diversity and evolution of both novel and already known viruses. This thesis focuses on two aspects of virus discovery in NGS datasets. In the first part of this thesis, I present ancient …
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The Role of Long Distance Movement and Genetic Adaptation on the Evolution of West Nile virus in the New World
West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging arbovirus that is maintained in an epizooitic cycle involving birds and mosquitoes. After a long history of circulation in the Old World, WNV was introduced into the US and identified in the New York Metropolitan Area during the summer of 1999. While the initial …
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Investigating the mechanism of RNA packaging in Rift Valley Fever phlebovirus
Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) is a trisegmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome, consisting of L, M and S segments. The virion carries two envelope glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, along with ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs), composed of encapsidated genomes carrying the nucleocapsid …
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Protein Folding, Host Cell Proteostasis, and Viral Evolution
… and epidemics caused by pathological RNA viruses, such as the 1918 influenza pandemic, the global AIDS epidemic, and the recent coronavirus pandemic, impose a severe burden on global health and the economy. A major challenge associated with developing effective antiviral strategies is the …
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Intrahost evolution of HIV-1 phenotypes
… pressure from the host immune system. Therefore, viruses isolated at different time points from the same individual are never exactly the same and, accordingly, rarely function the same way. However, if we can understand how HIV-1 phenotypically evolves in the newly infected host and during …
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The study of ancient viral class II envelope fusion proteins within the viral retroelements of Nematoda and the nuclear plasmids of Dictyostelium
… II envelope fusion protein. Typically, retroviruses and related degenerate retrotransposons encode a hemagglutinin-like class I envelope fusion protein. A subset of Bel/Pao LTR-retrotransposons within the phylum Nematoda have acquired a phlebovirus-like env and utilized the encoded fusion …
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The roles of papain-like protease-related proteins in viral replication and host immunity
… in host innate immunity manipulation and virus replication. In this dissertation, the research were focused on the elucidation of biological roles of nidoviral PLPs-related proteins in innate immunity suppression and viral RNA transcription regulation. Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive …
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Linking mosquito midgut and virus population biology at the molecular and cellular level
… to transmission that may impose bottlenecks on virus populations. West Nile virus (WNV) is maintained by multiple mosquito species with varying VC. However, the extent that bottlenecks and VC are linked is poorly understood. Similarly, quantitative analyses of mosquito-imposed bottlenecks on …
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MOLECULAR PERSPECTIVES OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGY, EVOLUTION AND TAXONOMY OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUSES
… thesis, we demonstrate that the issues of DNA virus evolution, taxonomy, and identification of papillomaviruses are inextricably linked to the wider issues of papillomavirus epidemiology. In our studies, we have designed experiments and databases for the reliable assessment of HPV genomes from …
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Interactions of soybean Rsv genes and Soybean mosaic virus
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV; Genus Potyvirus; Family Potyviridae) is one of the most widespread viruses in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). Hutcheson, a cultivar developed in Virginia, is resistant to the common strains of SMV. However, new resistance-breaking (RB) isolates of SMV have emerged in …
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Evolutionary studies of wheat streak mosaic-associated viruses and characterization of the wheat virome
Wheat viruses including Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), High Plains wheat mosaic emaravirus (HPWMoV), and Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) cost substantial losses in crop yields annually. Although there have been extensive studies conducted on known wheat viruses, …
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The broken genome: Merging cutting edge technologies for a molecular understanding of the Flock House virus defective interfering particle.
… recombination. While not encoding for functional viruses, they can be amplified and co-passaged with the wild-type virus, effectively parasitizing the normal viral machinery. Some defective RNAs can replicate so successfully so as to subdue the replication of the wild-type virus, forming …
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Responding to an Evolving Pandemic: Characterisation of Emerging Evolving Viruses and Population Immunity by the Example of SARS-CoV-2
… of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the human population in 2019 presented extraordinary challenges to the scientific community, and at the same time unique opportunities. Following the evolution of a novel human virus, together with the development of …
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Genotypic and Molecular Determinants in the Continued Evolution of West Nile Virus in the United States
Following the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into New York in 1999, the virus continues to evolve in the U.S. with the emergence, extinction, and co-circulation of multiple, distinct U.S. genotypes. Despite annual local, regional, or national epidemics (varying in size by year), limited …
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The Molecular Basis of Fitness and Transmissibility of Neuraminidase Inhibitor Resistant Influenza A Viruses
… the first line of defense against influenza virus infection. Development of resistance to NA inhibitors is a huge drawback for limited options for the control of influenza. During the first decade of NA inhibitor use, the detection rates of resistance to both NA inhibitors had remained low in …
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Antigenic profiling of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes reproductive failure in sows and boars, and is involved in the porcine respiratory disease complex, causing huge economical losses to the swine industry. Despite the development and broad implementation of vaccines, the virus could …
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Examination of Antiviral Resistance in Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus
<p>Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a New World Alphavirus that causes Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE), which is characterized by a febrile illness that can progress to neurological disease and death. While no major outbreaks of VEE have occurred since 1995, VEEV is a virus of …
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