Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 25 for “"viral fitness"”.
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Investigating the importance of the Zika virus 3′ untranslated region to viral fitness
… 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) and enhance viral replication. MSI1 is present in high levels in neural progenitor cells of the foetal brain, and previous work proposed that MSI1 could drive the pathogenesis caused by ZIKV, and therefore, could be linked to the cases of congenital …
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Understanding the interplay between HIV-1 diversity, humoral immune responses and viral fitness
… infection, and the impact of humoral escape on viral fitness. It remains an open question whether different geographically distinct population groups vary in their neutralization responses to HIV-1. We compared neutralizing antibody responses in two African cohorts and found 35% of the …
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Virologic Factors Contributing to the Genetic Diversification of Influenza Viruses Circulating in North American Swine
… mechanisms restrict reassortment in particular viral genotypes. This can further be applied to predict the likelihood that other viruses may reassort or be restricted from reassorting. Based on epidemiologic data not all viruses have the same ability to reassort, thus giving some viruses …
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Factors That Influence Mammalian Enteric Virus Infection
… to mutations generated by the error-prone viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase during replication. Despite the ability to acquire mutations beneficial to the virus, most mutations are deleterious and reduce viral fitness. This poses an obstacle for RNA viruses to successfully infect the host. …
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Language Models Predict Drug Resistance from Complex Sequence Variation
… barrier to the development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and antibiotics. Recently, neural language models trained on viral protein sequence evolution have shown promise in their ability to predict viral escape mutations, potentially enabling more intelligent therapeutic design [6]. Hie et …
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Engineering of HIV gp120 by yeast surface display for neutralizing antibody characterization and immunogen design
… like the CD4 binding site, are required for viral fitness and antibodies against these epitopes are able to neutralize HIV from multiple clades. Passive immunization experiments suggest that eliciting such broadly reactive antibodies by vaccination may provide protection, but so far this has …
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Evolutionary and ecological consequences of chronic infection in Sulfolobus islandicus
… infected host to a new host via the release of viral particles through cell lysis and death. When increases in horizontal transmission increase the fitness of the virus, selection acts to favor traits that would, in turn, increase the virulence of the virus, therefore increasing the antagonism …
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Receptor Binding Domains and Coronavirus Adaptation and Evolution
… The coronavirus spike protein is a viral membrane protein involved in host receptor binding and fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. Reported here is work performed on the spike proteins of two human common cold causing coronaviruses: HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43. Specifically, …
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Construction of a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine from Cynomolgus Macaque Cytomegalovirus
… if there was an observed in vitro loss of fitness, the BAC was used to construct a vaccine against SIV. This new cynomolgus macaque cytomegalovirus based SIV vaccine for use in cynomolgus macaques retains wildtype growth kinetics in vitro. It is the first cytomegalovirus based SIV vaccine …
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Graph-Based Computational Approaches for Modeling Viral Evolution
Modeling viral evolution is essential for understanding how pathogens adapt, spread, and generate new variants of concern. Yet, it remains challenging due to high mutation rates, minimal sequence divergence, and the scale of modern genomic data. Most phylogenetic trees enforce a strictly …
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A reverse genetics study of the Human Coronavirus 229E ADP-ribose-1"-phosphatase
… N-terminal processing of HCoV-229E nsp3 by viral papain-like proteases (PLP) 1 and 2 was investigated. The two proteases were previously shown to have partially overlapping substrate specificities and functionally replace each other at specific sites. Using polyclonal antisera, nsp3 and nsp4 …
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Genetic diversity of subtype C HIV-1 env variants in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA from infected mother-child pairs : a comparison of Heteroduplex Mobility Assay (HMA) and Base Excision Sequence Scanning (BESS) methods
… seen over time. The monitoring of changes in viral sequences can provide important information on the nature of the immune response and the correlates of protection. Viral diversification may also occur due to other selective pressures such as cell availability and differences in viral …
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Characterisation of HIV-1 subtype C envelope functional determinants of dual infected individuals
Identification of HIV-1 Envelope (Env) fitness determinants could provide functionally constrained, accessible regions that could be included in subunit vaccines to induce broadly neutralising antibodies (bnAb). We hypothesised that Env fitness determinants are common to circulating variants but …
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Development And Validation Of Novel Transmitted/founder Shivs For Hiv-1 Persistence And Cure Research
… at Env residue 375 that confers consistent early viral kinetics in RM, although longitudinal kinetics are more variable. Further, TF SHIVs have not been evaluated for their suitability for HIV latency and cure research. For my first aim, I evaluated two promising TF SHIVs, SHIV.191859 and …
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The role of HIV-1 subtype B Envelope transmission motifs in subtype C variant infectivity
… to be important for subtype B Env expression and viral infectivity, in our own sequence analysis subtype C variants did not carry the transmission motifs and the aim of this study was to determine whether His12 and PNG413 was important for subtype C Env expression, processing, function and viral …
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Mechanisms of Emerging RNA Virus Adaptation to Hosts
… and reservoirs or vectors, opportunities for viral geographic expansion or viral spillover increase. Viral adaptation enabling intra- or interspecies transmission can cause outbreaks on the scale of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the coronavirus disease …
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Understanding the evolutionary radiation of the megadiverse monkey beetle fauna (Scarabaeidae: Hopliini) of South Africa
… HLA-B*57/B*5801 negative study participants for viral genetic markers associated with disease progression identified two iv polymorphisms, A146X (n = 9) and T242N (n =6), that were associated with improved viral control. The polymorphisms are well-known escape mutations in HLAB* 57/B*5801 …
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Impact of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) escape mutations in acute/Early HIV-1 Subtype C Infection on Disease Progression
… HLA-B*57/B*5801 negative study participants for viral genetic markers associated with disease progression identified two iv polymorphisms, A146X (n = 9) and T242N (n =6), that were associated with improved viral control. The polymorphisms are well-known escape mutations in HLAB* 57/B*5801 …
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The roles of papain-like protease-related proteins in viral replication and host immunity
Viral papain-like proteases (PLPs)-related proteins have been shown to be actively involved in host innate immunity manipulation and virus replication. In this dissertation, the research were focused on the elucidation of biological roles of nidoviral PLPs-related proteins in innate immunity …
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Impact of mutations in non-structural proteins on SARS-CoV-2 replication
… and functional implications of mutations in viral proteins. The prevailing belief is that SARS-CoV-2 originated from a zoonotic transmission involving bats as the natural reservoir hosts, with an unknown intermediate host facilitating transmission to humans. Genomic sequencing and …
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