Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 39 for “"vesicle fusion"”.
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Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Synaptic Vesicle Fusion
… proteins are the engines that drive membrane fusion throughout the cell. They provide this energy by zippering up into a parallel four helix bundle in a thermodynamically favored process. Because the zippering of SNAREs is spontaneous, fusion events occur immediately upon a vesicle interacting …
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Regulation Of Nkcc2 Trafficking By Vesicle Fusion Proteins Vamp2 And Vamp3 In The Thick Ascending Limb
… mediate NKCC2 trafficking. Inhibition of the vesicle fusion proteins VAMP2 and VAMP3 blunts the increase in surface NKCC2 expression and NaCl absorption in response to stimulation by cAMP. In other cells, VAMPs mediate fusion of exocytic vesicles with the plasma membrane. Whether VAMP2 and …
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Cryo-electron Microscopy of Reconstituted Membrane Fusion Systems
… (SNARE) proteins are responsible for driving the fusion of biological membranes and are present across many different cell trafficiking systems. Synaptic SNARE proteins allow the release of neurotransmitters across synaptic clefts by promoting the fusion of vesicle membranes with neuron plasma …
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Alcohol alters the expression of Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Attachment Protein Receptors (SNAREs) and spontaneous γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) release...
… in transcriptional activity can promote synaptic vesicle fusion and therefore, neurotransmitter release. To identify a transcriptional pathway by which ethanol can regulate neurotransmitter release, we first investigated the effects of acute alcohol on the expression of genes encoding for synaptic …
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A genetic analysis of complexin function in neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity
… transfer at neuronal synapses requires rapid fusion of docked synaptic vesicles in response to calcium influx during action potentials. The molecular nature of the fusion clamp machinery that prevents exocytosis of synaptic vesicles in the absence of a calcium signal is still unclear. Here we …
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Expression and Function of Complexin 1 in Mammalian Sperm Acrosomal Exocytosis
Membrane-bound vesicle fusion is important for a wide variety of cellular events including exocytosis. Exocytosis is regulated by the SNARE complex, whose core includes three proteins. Complexins 1 and 2 are highly related cytosolic proteins that bind tightly to the assembled SNARE complex and …
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The Functional Organization of Synaptic Vesicle Pools In A Retinal Bipolar Neuron
… by ‘ribbon-like’ organelles that tether synaptic vesicles. The synaptic ribbons co-localize with sites of calcium entry and vesicle fusion, forming ribbon-style active zones. The ability of ribbon synapses to maintain rapid and sustained neurotransmission is critical for vision, hearing and …
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Understanding the membrane biophysics of alpha-Synuclein and its role in membrane curvature induction and structural remodeling
… with overexpressed aSyn shows a stalling of vesicle fusion at the plasma membrane, whereas in vitro studies of small lipid vesicles and aSyn demonstrate an inhibition of vesicle fusion. In addition, numerous biophysical studies have identified potential curvature sensing and curvature …
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Synaptic structure and function at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction : a molecular analysis of complexin and radish
From yeast to humans, the fusion of vesicles with target membranes is driven by the formation of a parallel four-helix bundle of SNARE proteins that are present on both the vesicular (v-SNAREs) and target plasma membranes (t-SNAREs). The full zippering of this bundle is thought to provide the …
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Retrograde regulation of activity-dependent synaptic growth by Synaptotagmin 4
… the role of presynaptic Ca2+ in triggering vesicle fusion is established, molecular mechanisms that underlie responses to postsynaptic Ca2+ remain unknown. The Synaptotagmin family of Ca2+ sensors includes several evolutionarily conserved neuronal isoforms that are predicted to regulate …
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Luminal calcium regulates membrane fusion in the early secretory pathway
… is required at a basal level for many membrane fusion events. The role of calcium, and in particular luminal calcium, in regulating fusion in the early secretory pathway has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, I show that calcium has an inhibitory effect on homotypic coat protein complex …
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Luminal calcium regulates membrane fusion in the early secretory pathway
… is required at a basal level for many membrane fusion events. The role of calcium, and in particular luminal calcium, in regulating fusion in the early secretory pathway has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, I show that calcium has an inhibitory effect on homotypic coat protein complex …
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Investigating Spatiotemporal Kinetics, Dynamics, and Mechanism of Exosome Release
<p>Exosomes are small lipid-based vesicles that can carry biomolecules from one cell to another. While exosomes are crucial to maintain homeostasis in healthy cells, they are exploited by unhealthy cells to aid disease progression. Exosomes likely facilitate disease progression via the transfer of …
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Junction Specificity and Transmembrane Linkages of Integrins
… containing proteins found in the synaptic vesicle fusion core complex. Immunolocalization of P4B2 antigen in developing cultured muscle cells showed that the antigen is incorporated into Z-lines soon after the sarcomeric architecture was positive for $\alpha$-actinin. Together, the data …
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Analytical Measurements of Single Cells and Cellular Organelles
… far more interesting is the assay single vesicles within those neurons. Since a possible means of neuronal information encoding may be due to the localization of different vesicle populations in different areas of a single cell, this work may have fundamental importance. To this end, …
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Dielectric Relaxation Processes at Apical Membranes of Frog Skin: Changes of Capacitance and Sodium Ion Channel Density
… apical plasma membranes and to determine whether vesicle fusion is the likely mechanism for the regulation of apical Na$\sp+$-channel density. Experiments were done in the presence of 100 $\mu$M amiloride and Na$\sp+$-free apical Ringer solution. This procedure reduced this epithelium to an …
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Rate dependent rupture of solid-supported phospholipid bilayers.
… lipid bilayers were created on mica using vesicle fusion technique and then ruptured normal to the surface using a silicon nitride cantilever tip (radius#80nm). High resolution force spectroscopy was performed using the Molecular Force Probe (1D) to obtain force versus distance curves …
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Reevaluating the functional role of the C₂A domain of synaptotagmin in neurotransmitter release
… Ca2+ enters the presynaptic cell and drives fusion of vesicles with the membrane, releasing neurotransmitter. The synaptic vesicle protein, synaptotagmin, was identified as the Ca2+ sensor for this fast, synchronous neurotransmitter release. It is hypothesized that Ca2+ binding by …
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Genetic analysis of synaptogyrin function in the synaptic vesicle cycle
… on the continual replenishment of synaptic vesicles that are primed for neurotransmitter release in response to action potentials. A vast array of proteins is required to mediate synaptic vesicle biogenesis, trafficking, docking, exocytosis, and endocytosis. Synaptogyrin and synaptophysin …
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Molecular genetic characterization of the Drosophila synaptotagmin family
… in neuroscience. The synaptotagmin family of vesicle proteins has been implicated in calcium- dependent neurotransmitter release, although Synaptotagmin 1 (Syt 1) is the only isoform demonstrated to control synaptic vesicle fusion. We have characterized the six remaining synaptotagmin isoforms …
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