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Showing 1 to 20 of 83 for “"type III secretion"”.
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Substrate targeting and recognition in the flagellar type III secretion pathway
… cell membrane by a specialised flagellar type III secretion system (fT3SS) located at the base of each flagellum. These subunits are unfolded and exported into a narrow 20Å wide channel in the centre of each flagellum energised by the proton motive force (PMF) and facilitated by a …
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A Bioinformatics Analysis of Bacterial Type-III Secretion System Genes and Proteins
Type-III secretion systems (T3SSs) are responsible for the biosynthesis of flagella, and the interaction of many animal and plant pathogens with eukaryotic cells. T3SSs consist of multiple proteins which assemble to form an apparatus capable of exporting proteins through both membranes of …
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Structural and Functional Characterization of SPOA Domains in Salmonella Typhimurium Type III Secretion Systems
… approach anti-infective therapeutic design. Type III secretion systems (T3SS) are employed by some gram-negative human pathogens to manipulate the host environment. One T3SS subtype, known as the "injectisome," delivers virulence factors directly into host cells. The other T3SS subtype …
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Structural study of ExsA, the regulator of Type III Secretion System of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
The Type III secretion system (T3SS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses a needle-like protein apparatus to detect eukaryotic host cells and translocate effectors directly into the host cell. The effectors are also known as cytotoxins, which cause disruption of a series of signaling events in the host …
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Molecular Interactions of Type III Secretion System Transcriptional Regulators in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: ExsA and ExsD
… the leading causes of nosocomial infections. The type III secretion system (T3SS) aids acute P. aeruginosa infections by injecting potent cytotoxins (effectors) into host cells to suppress the host's innate immune response. Expression of all T3SS-related genes is strictly dependent upon the …
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Characterisation of YGT a novel Type III secretion system in Biotype 1A Yersinia enterocolitica strain YE53/03
Biotype (BT) 1A Yersinia enterocolitica is considered a group of organisms that is harmless given the lack of classical virulence factors, characteristic of pYV bearing strains. BT 1A Y. enterocolitica strains are common in the environment and in livestock, particularly the pig, with no adaption to …
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Cellular subversion: towards a complete repertoire of type-III secretion system effectors in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7
… O157:H7 is a formidable pathogen that uses a type-III secretion system to inject bacterial ‘effector’ proteins directly into host cells. Most effectors that are encoded within the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) have been studied extensively. This study aimed to characterise a selection …
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Molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of type III secretion system upstream of the master regulator HrpL in Erwinia amylovora
… hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp)-type III secretion system (T3SS). It has been previously demonstrated that HrpL, an ECF sigma factor, is the master regulator of hrp-T3SS. Recently, it is reported that expression of hrpL is under the control of sigma 54 complex, including σ54 …
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Mechanism of action of AexU, a new type III secretion system effector from an emerging human pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila
… first reported the complete sequence of the type III secretion system (T3SS) from a diarrheal isolate SSU of A. hydrophila. We identified an effector protein (designated as AexU) of the T3SS, which exhibited ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) and GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity. AexU was …
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Identification and characterization of type III secretion inhibitors in Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight of apple and pear
… is the causative agent of fire blight. The type III secretion system (T3SS) and exopolysaccharide (EPS) amylovoran are two major yet separate virulence factors in E. amylovora. Current fire blight management mainly relies on application of copper compounds and antibiotics. However, …
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Histidine Folding Switch In Effector Protein Avrpto Regulates Its Transport Through The Bacterial Type Iii Secretion System, As Determined By Nmr, Fluorescence, Circular Dichroism Spectroscopies And Translocation Assays
Bacteria have evolved several secretion systems as direct conduits into host cell cytoplasm for bacterial effector protein trafficking to further their symbiotic or pathogenic goals, while avoiding detection and host immune responses. Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas syringae uses the type III …
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Characterization of VIBRIO Parahaemolyticus-Induced Intestinal Inflammation in the Mouse
… of the pathogen. V. parahaemolyticus utilizes a type III secretion system to inject effectors that disrupt signal transduction in eukaryotic hosts during infection. Herein, we describe an in vivo model of infection by V. parahaemolyticus using germfree mice. V. parahaemolyticus is recovered from …
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Structural and functional studies of type three secretion virulence factors from gram-negative pathogenic bacteria
Many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria utilize type III secretion systems (TTSS) to alter the normal functions of target host epithelial cells. Of the 1.1 million deaths that are caused by Shigella each year, nearly a third are in children under five years of age. Salmonella enterica serovar …
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Tagging of the type three secretion system basal apparatus of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli 0157:H7
… Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 possesses a type III secretion system (T3SS). The T3SS translocates effector proteins into host cells during infection and consists of a basal apparatus that spans the inner and outer membranes and a needle and filament complex. The basal apparatus is composed …
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Characterization of major virulence regulators of Erwinia amylovora
… world. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) amylovoran and type III secretion system (T3SS) are two major virulence factors in E. amylovora. However, how these virulence factors are regulated is not completely understood. In bacteria, gene expression is mainly regulated at the transcription initiation level …
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Characterization of QSEA and QSED in the Quorum Sensing Cascade of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli
… lesions created as a result of production of a type III secretion apparatus. The LEE1 operon encodes for a transcriptional activator, Ler, which is responsible for the activation of other genes within the pathogenicity island. The virulence mechanisms that enable EHEC to circumvent the host …
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Characterization of Mitochondrially Targeted T3SS2 Effectors in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
… All strains of V. parahaemolyticus harbor the type III secretion system 1 (T3SS1), which is dispensable for virulence in humans. Pathogenic strains harbor an additional type III secretion system (T3SS2) that mediates host cell invasion to form a protective replicative niche and is responsible …
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Transcriptional Regulation of NLRC4 Inflammasome by IRF8
… which recognize bacterial flagellin and type III secretion system (T3SS) proteins. IRF8 was critical for host survival following infection with Salmonella Typhimurium or Burkholderia thailandensis. Furthermore, mice deficient in IRF8 were impaired in their ability to produce IL-18 and …
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Modulation of host phosphatidylinositol phosphates by salmonella effector protein SOPB
… island 1 (SPI1) encoded type III secretion system (T3SS), a needle-like complex composed of over 20 proteins that translocates effector proteins directly into the host cell cytosol. <em>Salmonella</em> possess a second type III secretion system encoded on …
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An analysis of selected secretion systems of Pseudomonas species
Direct secretion systems which deliver molecules from one cell to another have huge significance in shaping bacterial communities or in determining the outcome of bacterial associations with eukaryotic organisms. This work examines the roles of the Type III Secretion System (T3SS) and the Type VI …
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