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Showing 1 to 20 of 26 for “"tumor hypoxia"”.
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Noninvasive Assessment of Tumor Hypoxia Using MRI in Clinical and Preclinical Tumor Models
Tumor oxygenation influences response to radiation and plays important roles in malignant progression, angiogenesis and metastasis. While methods are available to quantitatively map pO2 dynamics in preclinical studies, new techniques are needed to noninvasively characterize tumor hypoxia and …
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Evaluation of Tumor-associated Stroma and Its Relationship with Tumor Hypoxia Using Dynamic Contrast-enhanced CT and 18F Misonidazole PET in Murine Tumor Models
http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/radiol.2015150416
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Characterization and Modeling of Fluctuating Hypoxia in Breast Cancer
<p>Tumor hypoxia is an enduring problem for traditional cancer therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy. This obstacle has traditionally been attributed to the widespread presence of chronic, diffusion-limited hypoxia in solid tumors; recent data suggests that tumor hypoxia may also be …
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A novel in vivo tumor oxygen profiling assay: Combining functional and molecular imaging with multivariate mathematical modeling
… high spatio-temporal in vivo assay to quantify tumor oxygenation and hypoxia. The assay implements a biophysical model of oxygen transport to fuse parameters acquired from in vivo functional and molecular imaging modalities. ^ Introduction: Tumor hypoxia plays an important role in …
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Interrogations of The Tumor Microenvironment Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
<p> Both tumor acidosis and tumor hypoxia are characteristics commonly found in the microenvironment of solid malignant tumors. Accurate characterization of the two phenomena could provide important information to clinicians for devising suitable treatment plans. Tumor acidosis and hypoxia are …
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Development of small-molecule probes for photoacoustic imaging of hypoxia
Hypoxia occurs when tissue oxygen supply is restricted, inhibiting normal physiological processes. Because of the irregular vasculature of rapidly growing tumors, hypoxia is a hallmark of cancer and exists in 50-60% of solid tumors. Hypoxia-induced changes in gene expression lead to treatment …
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Understanding Radiation Resistance in Head and Neck Tumor Xenografts Using Diffuse Reflectance and Raman Spectroscopy
… are limited to anatomical measurements of tumor burden using CT scan or MRI 4-8 weeks after completion of treatment. However, earlier knowledge of radiation-response prior to or at early days after commencement of therapy can aid oncologist with escalating and de-escalating treatment plans …
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Mechanistic Studies On the Role of Polyamines and Microvesicles in Tumor Growth and Hypoxia-mediated Angiogenesis
Solid tumors are composed of cancer cells, as well as resident or infiltrating non-malignant cells that contribute to the malignant state in an ecosystem generally accepted as the tumor microenvironment. Microenvironmental tumor hypoxia is the foremost leading cause of angiogenesis, i.e. the …
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Normal Glycolytic Enzyme Activity Is Critical For Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1A Activity and Provides Novel Targets For Inhibiting Tumor Growth
… Glycolytic Enzyme Activity is Critical for Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α Activity and Provides Novel Targets for Inhibiting Tumor Growth</p> <p>By Geoffrey Grandjean</p> <p>Advisory Professor: Garth Powis, D. Phil</p> <p>Unique to proliferating cancer cells is the observation that their …
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Dynamics of vascular normalization during anti-angiogenic therapy : implications for combination therapy
Solid tumors require blood vessels for growth, and the goal of anti-angiogenic therapy is to destroy the tumor vasculature. Recent findings suggest that anti-angiogenic therapy enhances radiation and chemotherapy responses. These findings seem paradoxical, since anti-angiogenic therapy prunes tumor …
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Controlled metabolic cell labeling and bioorthogonal click chemistry for cancer targeting
… (ultraviolet (UV)) or endogenous triggers (H2O2, tumor hypoxia, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1), and histone deacetylase (HDAC)/cathepsin L (CTSL)). Among them, HDAC/CTSL-responsive acetylated azidomannose (DCL-AAM) mediated excellent cancer-specific labeling in vitro and in vivo, which …
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Adapting a gelatin hydrogel platform to investigate glioblastoma progression
… approximately 80,000 new cases of primary brain tumors diagnosed annually, with a third of those being malignant brain cancer. Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal form of adult brain cancer, contribute to about 13,000 new cases annually in the U.S. Despite current clinical …
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Discovery of small-molecule natural products that target cellular bioenergetics
Molecular-targeted antitumor therapy has found favor in antitumor drug discovery programs. Hypoxia (< 5% oxygen) is a comfeature of solid tumors and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) represents an important antitumor target. Bioenergetic homeostasis is typically altered in tumor cells and HIF-1 …
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Translational Aspects of Erythropoietin Receptor and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Breast Cancer
… of erythrocytic precursors in response to hypoxia. The EPO effect is mediated via binding to the EPO receptor (EPOR), which induces activation of different intracellular signaling pathways. Recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) is also used in treatment of cancer patients with anemia but some …
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Genetic Determinants of Cancer Cell Survival in Tumor Microenvironment Stresses
<p>In order to propagate a solid tumor, cancer cells must adapt to and survive under various tumor microenvironment (TME) stresses, such as hypoxia or lactic acidosis. Additionally, cancer cells exposed to these stresses are more resistant to therapies, more likely to metastasize and often are …
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DNMT3a Epigenetic Program Regulates the HIF-2alpha Oxygen Sensing Machinery
… the DNA methylation program in the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) oxygen-sensing machinery. We show that DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) methylates and silences the HIF-2alpha gene (EPAS1) in normal cells. Epigenetic silencing of EPAS1 prevents activation of the HIF-2alpha gene …
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Microenvironmental and metabolic influences in tumor cell redox homeostasis
… hyperproliferation results in pro-oxidant tumor cell phenotypes. Thus, tumor cell antioxidant systems are often inherently strained and vulnerable to further oxidative attack. Targeted therapies can be designed to kill tumor cells by pushing them beyond redox thresholds compatible with …
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Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Tumor Prognosis
… and clinical studies have shown that tumor hypoxia and the microcirculation play a very important role in cancer progression and therapy. There is strong evidence that hypoxic cells are one of the major reasons for failure to control tumors with conventional radiotherapy and …
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Direct Recruitment of eIF4GI and/DAP5 to the 5' UTR of a Subset of Human mRNA Drives Their Cap-independent Translation
<p>During unfavorable cellular conditions (e.g., tumor hypoxia, viral infection, nutrient deprivation, etc.), the canonical, cap-dependent translation initiation pathway in human cells is suppressed by sequestration of the cap-binding protein, eukaryotic initiation factor(eIF) 4E, by 4E-binding …
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Delivery of Myoglobin Polymersomes Results in Tumor Hemorrhagic Necrosis and Enhanced Radiation Response
<p>There is a critical need to target tumor hypoxia as patients with hypoxic tumors have worse prognosis due to aggressive phenotypes and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The overall goal of this work is to improve response to conventional cancer therapies by targeting tumor hypoxia. …
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