Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 26 for “"trinitrotoluene"”.
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Targeted Degradation of Trinitrotoluene Using Iron (II)-Cyclodextrin-Peroxide Systems
Residues of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in soil and groundwater near former production and processing plants generate large environmental concerns. A cyclodextrin (CD) mediated Fenton remediation of TNT contaminated water and sand (soil analogy) is presented. Kinetic studies were performed to …
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Light Enhanced Toxic/tumorigenic Potential of Trinitrotoluene (Tnt) and Analogs
The acute toxicity of TNT, 2-amino,-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2A) and 4-amino,-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4A) to Photobacterium phosphoreum (Microtox reagent), Daphnia magna (daphnia), and Dugesia dorotocephala (planaria) was enhanced by near-ultraviolet light (nUV) coexposure. The light enhanced toxicity of …
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Fate of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in historically contaminated aquifer sediments
The nitroaromatic explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is a widespread, toxic groundwater contaminant. The objective of this work was to describe TNT fate in contaminated aquifer sediments. A series of bench scale experiments and model simulations were performed to evaluate the fate of TNT in …
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Development and Application of Non-Traditional Vertebrate Models to Investigate Terrestrial Ecological Risk to 2,46-Trinitrotoluene Exposure
… at many U.S. Army installations is 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). This was a result of the mass manufacturing, storing, and assembly of weapons from the early 1900's until the 1950s. The Army has reported soil concentrations of TNT ranging from 0.12 to 38,600 ug/g (Walsh and Jenkins 1992) …
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Enhancement in Degradation of Environmental Pollutants: Fenton Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene and Photodegradation of Deepwater Horizon Crude Oil
… conducted on two high priority pollutants: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and crude oil.</p> <p>TNT was the most common explosive used in the 20<sup>th</sup> century. Continuous contamination has resulted in an urgent need for remediation. Fenton reagent provides an advanced oxidation process that is …
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An explosive vapor generator based on capillary gas chromatography
… used to produce vapors of dinitrotoluene (DNT), trinitrotoluene (TNT), and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5- triazacyclohexane (RDX). The chemical composition of the output was confirmed by both ion mobility spectrometry, and quadrupole mass spectrometry. Adsorptive effects of TNT and RDX were studied in …
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Biodegradability of nitroxylene isomers
… site with high levels of dinitrotoluene (DNT), trinitrotoluene (TNT) and dinitroxylene (DNX) and used as the inoculum for microcosm tests. The microcosm method of different isomers was based on the previous work on biodegradation of nitrotoluene. As it was demonstrated previously that 2,4-DNT …
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Shrubs as Sentinels of Ordnance Contamination: Using Plant Physiology and Remote Sensing to Detect TNT in Soils
… physiological response of woody plants to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) contamination. Baccharis halimifolia were potted in soils containing various concentrations of TNT and physiological responses were observed over a 9-week experimental period. Measurements included the collection of remotely …
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Solid phase microextraction of amino-dinitrotoluenes in tissue.
TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) readily and predominantly transforms to 2ADNT (2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene) and 4ADNT (4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene) in environmental matrixes and tissues. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used to extract ADNTs (amino-dinitrotoluenes) from tissue as a potential method …
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TNT-contaminated soils remediation for volunteer Army ammunitions plant
… facility for the production and storage of trinitrotoluene (TNT). Two (2) technologies were investigated for TNT (nitroaromatic explosive) contaminated soils remediation. The technologies are phytoremediation and thermal incineration. Phytoremediation is an in-site wetlands-type remediation …
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Detection of explosive materials
… detection of explosive material: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) has been demonstrated via a competitive immunoassay technique. Through optimisation of reagents and conditions, the limit of detection is 0.03 μg ml-1 (300 pg per fingerprint deposit) on a plate assay format. Initial steps have …
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Electrochemical techniques for detection of Tnt and other explosives using disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes
… as voltammetric sensors for measurement of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), and Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). The square wave voltammetric (SWV) scan technique can be used to measure TNT and RDX in as little as 50 muL sample volumes applied to the electrode surface within minutes. The …
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Organic lateral heterojunction devices for vapor-phase chemical detection
… effective ultra-trace, vapor-phase detection of trinitrotoluene (TNT) at security checkpoints and during vehicular sweeps, achieving sensitivity levels comparable to the canine nose. In this sensor scheme, a large contribution to the noise signal is the inefficient transduction of the polymer's …
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Optimizing the excited state processes of conjugated polymers for improved sensory response
… chance to encounter an analyte, such as 2,4,6 trinitrotoluene (TNT), electrostatically poised to induce non-radiative decay. The result is attenuation of the fluorescence signal characteristic of these bright polymers. Because energy migration is responsible for the amplification of sensory …
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Mathematical Modeling of Reductive Transformation Kinetics of Branched Degradation Pathways of Groundwater Contaminants
… nitroaromatic explosive compounds (e.g. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT)) degrade in the subsurface primarily by microbially catalyzed reductive transformation reactions. From a regulatory point of view, the capability to simulate the kinetics of these reductive transformation reactions coupled with …
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Complexation of Organic Guests and Coordination of Metal Ions by Cyclodextrins: Role of Cyclodextrins in Metal-Guest Interactions
Nitroaromatic explosives, such as trinitrotoluene (TNT), are of particular environmental concern due to their recalcitrance in soils and their potent toxicity and mutagenicity to both aquatic and mammalian species. TNT was the most widely used military explosive through the era encompassing both …
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Vibrational Kerr spectroscopy
… vapor absorption strengths for the explosives trinitrotoluene, (TNT), cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX), and pentaerythritrol tetranitrate (PETN). From the infrared absorption spectra, the characteristic N02 symmetric and asymmetric stretch bands of the explosives were identified as spectral …
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Synthetic and mechanistic studies in polynitroaromatic chemistry.
… D: 3-alkyltrinitrobenzoate esters). 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (the preferred starting material for category A and B compounds) forms an anion in basic solution, which has been suggested as having nucleophilic characteristics 3. In fact, this work has shown that it displays very poor …
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Coupled solid phase extraction-supercritical fluid extraction on-line gas chromatography of explosives from water
… (2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, and trinitrotoluene) from water. Three types of solid sorbents were investigated: two 47 mm Empore disks™ - octadecylsilane (C18) and styrene-divinylbenzene (SDVB); and one Bakerbond spe*™ Phenyl stationary phase. The phenyl sorbent yielded the highest …
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