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Showing 1 to 20 of 140 for “"translation initiation"”.
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Conservation of Translation Initiation Between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
While the fundamental goals of translation initiation are the same for all cells, it is the most phylogenetically diverse step within translation. Until recently, there has been no evidence of a molecular mechanism that can initiate translation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Colussi et al. …
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Human non-canonical translation initiation factors EIF4E2 and EIF4E3
The family of eukaryotic translation initiation factors 4E (EIF4E) comprises of a group of proteins that recognise the 7-methylguanosine cap at the 5' mRNA end to initiate translation. In humans, there are three isoforms, EIF4E1, EIF4E2 and EIF4E3. EIF4E1 participates in global translation and is …
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The Role of Initiation Factor Dynamics in Translation Initiation
… ribosome-catalyzed protein synthesis, or translation, can be divided into initiation, elongation, and termination stages. Initiation is the rate-limiting stage of translation and a critical site for translational control of gene expression. Throughout all stages of protein synthesis, the …
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Sequence features affecting translation initiation in eukaryotes: A bioinformatic approach
… play an important role in the regulation of translation initiation. This thesis focuses on the sequence features affecting eukaryotic initiation. The characteristics of 5' untranslated region in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were explored. It is found that the 40 nucleotides upstream of the start …
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eIF4E Phosphorylation Balances Cap-dependent and Cap-independent Translation Initiation
<p>Signaling pathways converge on the translation machinery and influence protein synthesis globally or specifically on certain classes of transcripts. The experiments described in this thesis focus on regulation of translation initiation through the cap-binding protein eIF4E. </p><p>Aberrant …
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Iron regulates mRNA translation initiation through RNA iron responsive element (IRE)
… with IRE-RNA. Previous models of IRE-mRNA translation regulation concentrate on Fe-S binding to IRP and IRP degradation after release from IRE-RNA. These models lack information on the details of decreasing IRE-RNA/IRP protein binding with iron concentration elevation. This research shows …
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The Translation Initiation Site of Satellite Tobacco Necrosis Virus Ribonucleic Acid
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-14T04:27:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 7820992.pdf: 3932031 bytes, checksum: 690377f344e58a40a49920b99f49c741 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1978
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Evaluation of translation initiation features of satellite tobacco necrosis virus RNA
… cap structure and initiator AUG codon. The translational properties, in wheat germ in vitro translation system, of transcript STNV RNAs (tSTNV RNAs), with modifications to the initiator AUG codon and the 5$\sp\prime$-terminal sequences normally involved in a stem and loop structure, …
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An E. coli small RNA inhibits translation initiation from a distance
In bacterial systems, small RNA (sRNA)-dependent translational repression is commonly carried out via sRNA-mRNA base pairing interactions near the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) region. In this so-called “canonical” mechanism, the sRNA is the direct regulator; it competes with the initiating ribosomes while …
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A multi-level approach to understanding the regulation of translation initiation
mRNA translation is an extremely complex process required for life. Translation consumes vast amounts of cellular resources, and organisms have evolved tight regulatory mechanisms to control this process, which are often deregulated in cancer and other disease states. Initiation, as the …
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Alternative mechanisms of translation initiation in modulation of gap junctional coupling
… and cancer. The GJA1 mRNA undergoes alternative translation initiation to yield a truncated Cx43 isoform, GJA1-20k, that can regulate gap junction formation. Using epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a cellular model of gap junction remodeling, we have demonstrated altered translation …
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Regulation of Mnk1 by p38α MAPK in Stress Mediated Translation Initiation
… pathways control protein synthesis by modulating translation initiation factors. Map Kinase Integrating Kinase 1 (Mnk1) relays signals to its major downstream target eIF4E. Activation of Mnk1 and subsequent phosphorylation of eIF4E results in changes in translation rates for subsets of mRNAs. Both …
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The role of cellular signalling pathways and translation initiation factors in Herpesvirus infection
… the role of host cell signalling and translation initiation during reactivation from a non productive state. To achieve these objectives, a new system was established to study HSV-1 quiescence. The system employs the use of serum starved and temperature elevated primary human cells …
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A New Method to Characterize the Translation Initiation Sites of Messenger Ribonucleic Acids
… to determine the RNA nucleotide sequence of the translation initiation sites of mRNAs.
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CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 4E (eIF4E) FAMILY MEMBERS IN THE ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio)
… in zebrafish. In addition to the prototypical translation initiation factor eIF4E, eukaryotes have evolved eIF4E variants with distinct characteristics, some of which negatively regulate the recruitment of specific mRNAs. Metazoan eIF4E family members fall into three classes, with Class I …
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Visualising ribosome profiling and using it for reading frame detection and exploration of eukaryotic translation initiation
… to explore various questions with respect to translation. A review of the many uses and adaptations of the technique is provided in Chapter 1. Indeed, owing to the increasing popularity of the technique and the growing number of published ribosome profiling datasets, we have developed …
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