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Showing 1 to 20 of 23 for “"transfer RNAs"”.
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Characterizing Human Transfer RNAs by Hydro-tRNAseq and PAR-CLIP
<p>The participation of tRNAs in fundamental aspects of biology and disease necessitates an accurate, experimentally confirmed annotation of tRNA genes, and curation of precursor and mature tRNA sequences. This has been challenging, mainly because RNA secondary structure and nucleotide …
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Interactions Between Aminoacyl-Trna Synthetases and Transfer-Rnas From Escherichia Coli
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-09T18:53:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6901483.pdf: 1925547 bytes, checksum: 1341f16b04a547adb4610578659ace00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1968
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Investigating the role of RNA 5- methylcytosine on ribosomal and transfer RNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana
… In my research, I addressed the roles of m5C on rRNAs and tRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana. In Chapter 2, NOP2, a putative rRNA m5C methyltransferase was shown to be genetically redundant and essential for ovule development. Three NOP2 orthologues, NOP2A, NOP2B and NOP2C were identified in the A. …
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Characterization of Transfer RNA Associated with Plasma Membranes
… rat liver plasma membranes was found to contain transfer RNA. Amino acid acceptor activity was detected for arginine and lysine, a confirmation of previous reports. In addition, acceptor activity was also detected for tryptophan and proline. Isoaccepting tRNA species for lysine and arginine were …
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Structural Characterization of the Transfer Ribonucleic Acids From Halobacterium Volcanii and Other Archaebacteria
… primarily on the basis of their ribosomal RNAs, as a primary kingdom, distinct from the eubacteria ('prokaryotes') and the eucaryotes. To help in evaluating the molecular affinities, we characterize here the transfer RNAs (tRNAs) in two ways. First, we describe the modification patterns of …
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Modification of Transfer Rna With T4 Rna Ligase
… RNA ligase can be used to alter the sequence of transfer RNAs. This enzyme will catalyze the addition of a 3',5'-bisphosphate onto the 3' terminus of a tRNA resulting in a tRNA molecule one nucleotide longer with a 3' phosphate. Under appropriate conditions the reaction is quantitative and, if …
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Inter-Organellar Nucleic Acid Communication by a Mitochondrial tRNA Regulates Nuclear Transcription
… In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial genome encodes transfer RNAs (mito-tRNAs) that function in mitochondrial-specific translation. Here, we report the detection of multiple mito-tRNAs within the nucleus of human cells. Focused studies of one such nuclear-transported mito-tRNA-asparagine …
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Investigating the mechanisms of protein synthesis using multi-resolution structural data
… states of translocation of messenger and transfer RNAs through the ribosome, reconciling data from cryo-EM and single-molecule experiments.
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A Stress-Induced TRNA Depletion Response Mediates Codon-Based Translational Repression and Growth Suppression
<p>Eukaryotic transfer RNAs (tRNAs) can become fragmented upon various cellular stresses, generating tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs). Though this process has been observed for numerous cellular stresses and in many species ranging from plant cells to yeast and human cells, it is still poorly …
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Characterization of the Operational Trna Code for Amino Acids Through Supervised Machine Learning
… rules governing the aminoacylation of tRNAs outside and independent of the anticodon. Previous efforts to uncover these rules have included experimental studies using synthetic and chemically modified transfer RNAs (tRNAs), as well as computational analyses aimed at predicting the …
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High Throughput Detection of Pseudouridine: Caveats, Conundrums, and a Case for Open Science
… post-transcriptional modification of stable RNAs. Due to technical limitations in pseudouridine detection methods, studies on pseudouridylation have historically focused on ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs, where Ψs play a critical role in RNA biogenesis and …
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The Development and Application of Methods to Study the Evolution of Specificity, Allostery, and RNA -Protein Interactions in Translation
… Tu (EF-Tu) binds to all the standard aminoacyl-transfer RNAs and transports them to the ribosome. Combined energetic and evolutionary analyses reveal the coevolution of residues in EF-Tu and CysRS with the charged tRNA at the binding interface. The final step of translation involves protein …
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Zusammenspiel von posttranskriptionellen Modifikationen und Strukturen von humanen mitochondrialen tRNAs
… Untereinheiten der Atmungskettenkomplexe und 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Mehr als 80 verschiedene Punktmutationen in den humanen mitochondrialen tRNA Genen werden mit Krankheiten wie Kardiopathie, Enzephalopathie und Myopathien assoziert. Die Bildung von alternativen sekundären und tertiären …
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Genom- und Transkriptionsanalyse von <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> DSM13 - einem Organismus mit großem industriellem Potential
… codiert für 4.286 offene Leserahmen (ORFs), 72 transfer RNAs und sieben Cluster ribosomaler RNA. Die komparative Analyse der Genomsequenzen von B. licheniformis und dem engverwandten Bacillus subtilis 168 zeigt eine hohe funktionelle Konservierung und Co-Linearität der beiden Genome. Es konnten …
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Cross-regulation and interaction between eukaryotic gene regulatory processes
… Finally, we characterized the small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) produced from heterochromatic, silenced genomic regions in fission yeast. We observed a considerable bias for siRNAs with a 5' U, and used this bias to infer patterns of siRNA biogenesis. Furthermore, comparisons with between wild-type …
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From Protein Structure to Clinical Strategy: An In silico Investigation of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Type 2 Diabetes and Degenerative Disc Disease for Targeted Nutritional Interventions
… chain (ETC) as well as critical non-coding RNAs, plays a central role in cellular bioenergetics, however, the structural consequences of pathogenic mitochondrial single nucleotide variants (SNVs) remain incompletely characterized, especially in South African populations that are …
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A functional role for transfer RNA-derived microRNAs in human B cells
… organisms express a diverse repertoire of small RNAs. Genetic and biochemical investigation of these molecules has demonstrated that many small RNAs, most notably the microRNA subclass, possess the capacity to influence the expression of other genes, adding substantial complexity to our …
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The Regulation and Evolution of long, noncoding RNA Transcription
… the production of thousands of long, noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs, > 200 basepairs), which are distinct from more traditional noncoding RNAs such as transfer RNAs or ribosomal RNAs. This striking finding is observed across all eukaryotes, from humans to budding yeast. It was once thought that these …
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Mechanisms of Evasion: Anti-Tumor Immune Suppression & TRNA-Dependent Growth in Cancer Metastasis
… development to measure small RNA species, tRNAs have emerged as significant regulators of gene expression. The human genome contains 61 codons that are recognized by distinct transfer RNAs (tRNAs). We report the surprising observation that two isoacceptor tRNAs that decode synonymous codons …
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