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Showing 1 to 20 of 20 for “"trace evidence"”.
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Trace Evidence Analysis of Forensic Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma
At many crime scenes, little evidence is left behind; thus, the more tools available for the analysis of minute samples, the better. For instance, trace elemental impurities are not regulated in many commercial materials and thus could be a unique identifier. One of the best techniques for …
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Interpreting Forensic Trace Evidence using Multi-Elemental and Spectroscopic Data
… are often invited to courts to present expert evidence. They have a duty to perform precise and accurate evidence analysis. Accessibility to the techniques like LIBS, LA-ICP-MS and Raman Microscopy that generate multivariate spectroscopic data, has necessitated the need for advanced statistical …
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Forensic Analysis of Trace Evidence Fibers and Drugs of Abuse In Biological Matrices Using Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Methods
<p>Textile fibers found at crime scenes as trace evidence often provide leads or confirmations in criminal investigations. The development of analytical techniques for forensic discrimination of fibers by micro-extractions of dyes followed by liquid chromatography (LC) or capillary electrophoresis …
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Evidentiary Value of Condoms: Comparison of Durable Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Condoms
Condom trace evidence must not be overlooked in sexual assault cases; understanding the chemical and physical characteristics of condoms is imperative if condoms are to be useful evidence. Previous research shows that condom identification is possible, but it is equally important to evaluate …
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Discrimination Of Automobile Carpet Fibers Using Multiple Analytical Techniques And The Subsequent Creation Of A Searchable Data
… fiber examination is an important part of trace evidence analysis. Fibers may be recovered from a crime scene that could link a particular suspect to the scene. Clothing fibers are most frequently encountered but automobile carpeting fibers may also be recovered. An understanding of the …
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A spectroscopic study of paint
Paint is one of the commonest forms of trace evidence submitted to a forensic laboratory for analysis. It is essential that techniques are available that allow rapid and confident discrimination between different samples. The aim of this study was to ascertain the discrimination that could be …
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Stability of paleosinks and karstic carbonates in the Southern Fire Clay Mining District of Missouri
… of further environmental impacts to the land. Evidence supporting this hypothesis are: (1) A southerly shift in the regional groundwater divide relative to the topographic divide. This possibly is caused by the distribution of leaking clay pits, which suggests that the bedrock permeability or …
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A Statistical Approach to Facial Identification
… equally well. The aim would be to contribute to evidence that an image captured, for example, at a crime scene by CCTV, is that of a suspect in custody. The methods developed are based on the underlying mathematics of faces (specifically the shape of the configuration of identified landmarks) At …
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The quantification of dorsal hand features of interest to assist forensic human identification
… of offenders from photographic or video evidence through physical features has been via facial characteristics. However, criminals are increasingly ensuring that their face does not appear in physical evidence. This has become particularly problematic within investigations related to …
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Non-destructive analysis of popular cigarette brands utilizing attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and chemometrics
… and is often employed in forensic analysis of trace evidence. Due to its ability of analyzing different sample matrices with a variety of techniques, infrared spectroscopy is highly effective at identifying the chemical composition of unknown samples. Popular techniques include Diffuse …
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Investigating the effect of NucleoSpin® Forensic Filters on DNA recovery from swabs
… identification is forensic DNA profiling. Since trace evidence is often retrieved in small amounts, the optimal recovery of DNA from these samples is crucial. Methods for the recovery of touch DNA from swabs typically make use of a spin basket or filter, combined with a centrifugation step, to …
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Practical Epistemology: Essays on What to Think and What to Do
Sometimes, we need evidence in order to act. A jury needs "proof beyond a reasonable doubt" in order to convict a defendant of a crime. A teacher needs to read a student’s essay in order to assign a grade. A babysitter needs to know that the sandwich does not contain peanuts, in order to give it to …
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Forensic Discrimination, Age Estimation, and Spectral Optimization For Trace Detection of Blood On Textile Substrates Using Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
… <p>Textile fibers are significant pieces of trace evidence recovered from crime scenes. Both UV/visible microspectrophotometry and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy were used to analyze the fibers. PCA and LDA were employed to test the ability of providing additional …
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Uv-Visible Microscope Spectrophotometric Polarization And Dichroism With Increased Discrimination Power In Forensic Analysis
<p>Microanalysis of transfer (Trace) evidence is the application of a microscope and microscopical techniques for the collection, observation, documentation, examination, identification, and discrimination of micrometer sized particles or domains. Microscope spectrophotometry is the union of …
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Appearance and Spectroscopic Characterization of Automotive Coatings for Forensic Purposes
<p>Automotive paint is a common type of trace evidence in the forensics community due to the prevalence of vehicular collisions. Forensic examinations of these samples typically involve visual inspection for physical properties such as color. However, these observations are subject to variability …
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Glass population study and discrimination of glass samples using Glass Refractive Index Measurement III and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
… often broken, and is then submitted as a type of trace evidence to a crime laboratory in cases such as hit and runs, breaking and enterings, and homicides. Broken glass is most often obtained from bottles, windows, doors, and automobiles, and can easily be found on the street. Previous published …
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How an Organization's Environmental Orientation Impacts Environmental Performance and its Resultant Financial Performance through Green Computing Hiring Practices: An Empirical Investigation of the Natural Resource-Based View of the Firm
… methodological techniques to tap into key trace evidence not available through other methodological techniques, and leveraging an award-winning environmental data set has enhanced the robustness of the empirical findings in addressing this important gap in the literature. The results of the …
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Forensic Application of Chemometric Analysis to Visible Absorption Spectra Collected from Dyed Textile Fibers
Forensic analysis of evidence consists of the comparison of physical, spectroscopic, or chemical characteristics of a questioned sample to a set of knowns. Currently, decisions as to whether or not the questioned sample can be associated or grouped with the knowns are left up to the discretion of …
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A study to investigate the persistence of polydimethylsiloxane and to determine the detection of polydimethylsiloxane in a body fluid matrix following Cellmark’s Sperm Elution©
Lubricant trace evidence stands as associative evidence in sexual assault cases when there is an absence of semen. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a substance applied as a lubricant by the majority of condom manufacturers worldwide. As the awareness of sexually transmitted infections has amplified …
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Pueblos, Planets, and Permian Puzzles: The Perils and Promise of Analogical Evidence in the Historical Sciences
… investigate the deep past when material traces are fragmentary and direct experimentation is impossible? This thesis explores the epistemic role of analogical reasoning in historical science, arguing that analogy is not merely interpretive but can function as a method of experimental …