Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 122 for “"telomeres"”.
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Distinct functions of POT1 at telomeres.
Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes that constitute the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomeres differentiate the end of the chromosome from sites of DNA damage and control cellular replicative potential. The loss of function of telomeres results in several biological consequences. First, …
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Characterization of DNA Binding Activities at Vertebrate Telomeres
<p>Telomere function is carried out by protein factors that either bind directly to telomeric DNA or that are recruited there by DNA binding activities. Thus, telomeric DNA binding activities are central to telomere function. Two types of vertebrate DNA binding activities are characterized in this …
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Pathways of NHEJ at Dysfunctional Telomeres and Their Resolution
… that can promote the fusion of dysfunctional telomeres resulting in chromosomal instability. The work presented here aims to understand how telomeres are protected from these pathogenic repair pathways. The first part of this thesis is focused on the DNA damage response factor 53BP1, a key …
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Telomere Specific Homologous Recombination in the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres
… of evidence suggests that ALT cells maintain telomeres by homologous recombination (Reddel 2003 for Review). Groundbreaking work by Oliver Bechter demonstrated that ALT cells and telomerase-positive cells show no difference in the rate of general HR. This study fundamentally shaped our current …
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Mechanisms That Ensure the Proper Terminal Structure of Mammalian Telomeres
… is generated and maintained at mammalian telomeres. First, I evaluated the terminal chromatin structure of mouse telomeres using conventional micrococcal nuclease (MNase) assays and a novel method to examine the terminal nucleosomes adjacent to the telomeric overhang. In wild type mouse …
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Investigation and validation of mammalian telomeres as biomarkers for health and disease
Telomeres play a crucial role in safeguarding chromosomal integrity and have emerged as promising biomarkers of aging, oxidative stress, and disease. However, accurately quantifying telomere length (TL) remains technically challenging, particularly in murine models whose telomeres are substantially …
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Characterization of a Novel 53BP1-Dependent Mechanism that Promotes Non-Homologous End Joining of Deprotected Telomeres by Increasing Chromatin Mobility
… we have used as a model system dysfunctional telomeres, which are uncapped by the removal of the shelterin component, TRF2. As a consequence of TRF2 loss, deprotected chromosome ends trigger a sequence of events normally activated by the presence of DSBs. These include the instigation of ATM …
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Further Insight into the Two Functions of Telomeres: Determining the Role of Tankyrase1 in Telomere Length Regulation and Tin2 in Telomere Protection
… poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase that can localize to telomeres through its interaction with the shelterin component TRF1. Tankyrase1 poly(ADP-ribosyl)ates TRF1 in vitro, and its nuclear overexpression leads to loss of TRF1 and telomere elongation, suggesting that tankyrase1 is a positive regulator of …
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Role of ORCA/LRWD1 in the maintenance of telomere integrity
Telomeres are defined as the repetitive sequences at the end of linear chromosomes. The loss of telomere integrity leads to genome instability. Telomere integrity is maintained by the coordination of replication, heterochromatin, and DNA damage repair machinery. In this thesis, I describe how …
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CHROMOSOMAL SIGNATURES OF AGING, SIBLING STATUS, AND POLLUTANTS: AN EXPLORATION OF COMMON LOON TELOMERE DYNAMICS
<p>Telomeres are non-coding segments of linear DNA located at the tips of each chromosome. They act as a buffer from the permanent loss of nucleotides that occurs naturally during mitosis, protecting critical coding portions of DNA from irreparable damage. Telomeres degrade faster in developing …
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Modeling Sporadic Tumor Formation Driven By Telomere Dysfunction In The Gastrointestinal Tract
… cancer is the improper repair of dysfunctional telomeres. Telomeres comprise the linear ends of chromosomes and play a dual role in cancer. Its length is maintained by the ribonucleoprotein, telomerase, which is not a normally expressed in somatic cells and as cells divide, telomeres …
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Mechanistic Understanding of the Role of TRF1 in Telomere Replication
<p>Mammalian telomeres are hard to replicate, and the shelterin subunit TRF1 is important for facilitating the replication of telomeric DNA. Deletion of TRF1 results in several phenotypes that are thought to be associated with telomere replication stress, including ATR signaling, fork stalling, …
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Telomere Length Studies in Human Cancer Cells
Telomeres consist of repetitive DNA sequences and their associated binding proteins, and serve to protect linear chromosome ends from being recognized as double stranded breaks in need of repair. The telomeres of most normal diploid cells shorten with every cell division until they reach a …
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Genetic and Molecular Studies of Endometrial Cancer
… TP53 mutations, which suggests a link between telomeres and the development of type II tumors. Telomeres and other markers of telomere status in type I and type II tumors were analyzed, short telomeres are observed in both tumor types. However, only type II tumors are associated with critical …
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Distinct Functions of POT1 in Telomere Protection and Length Regulation
<p>Telomeres are DNA-protein structures that protect eukaryotic chromosome ends from illegitimate recombination and degradation. Telomeres become shortened with each cell division unless telomerase, a reverse transcriptase, is activated. In addition to playing a protective role of chromosome ends, …
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Functional analyses of hTel2 and TRF2 deltaB: Insights Into the Role of a New DNA Damage Pathway and Homologous Recombination in Mammalian Telomere Function
… where it was enriched in PML nuclear bodies, but telomeres. Surprisingly, hTel2 also localized to centrosomes. Although hTel2 did not detectably interact with telomeric proteins or telomeric chromatin, the overexpression untagged hTel2 resulted in the slow elongation of telomeres in HTC75 and …
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Investigating the control of pairing and crossover formation in meiosis of Arabidopsis thaliana
… and controlled remains poorly understood. Telomeres are thought to play a role in pairing of homologues. The role of telomeres was investigated in Arabidopsis by treatment with colchicine, a microtubule-depolymerising drug, known to disrupt telomere clustering and pairing in rye. A mutant …
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Exposure, telomere length, and cancer risk
Telomeres are tandem repeats of TTAGGG at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomeres play a key role in chromosome stability and regulation of the cellular lifespan. Telomeres are shortened during cell division, and probably, by not yet well characterised factors in the environment. Short …
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Neotelomere Formation by Telomerase in Human Cells
<p>Telomeres define and protect the ends of linear chromosomes. Genome stability requires that cells differentiate telomeres from DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which humans accomplish with the shelterin complex. The reverse transcriptase telomerase counteracts the shortening of telomeres that …
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Telomere Position Effect in Human Cells
Telomeres are tracts of repetitive DNA that cap the ends of linear chromosomes. Each time the chromosome is duplicated, a small amount of telomeric DNA is lost from the end due to factors inherent in the mechanism of DNA replication. The result is a net shortening of telomeres with each cell …
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