Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 293 for “"tRNA"”.
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tRNA-dependent amino acid discrimination by Escherichia coli valyl-tRNA synthetase
<p>Valyl-tRNA synthetase (ValRS) has difficulty discriminating between its cognate amino acid, valine, and structurally similar amino acids, particularly threonine. To minimize translational errors, the enzyme catalyzes a tRNA-dependent editing reaction that prevents accumulation of misacylated …
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Identification and Evolution of New Orthogonal Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase/tRNA Pairs for Genetic Code Expansion
… acids is the scalable discovery of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS)–tRNA pairs (the components of the cellular translational machinery which specify the matching between codons and amino acids) that are orthogonal in their aminoacylation specificity. An orthogonal pair is composed of an aaRS …
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Tumor Suppression by a TRNA Synthetase
… we report the surprising finding that leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LARS), a tRNA synthetase responsible for ligating leucine to corresponding leucyl-tRNAs, becomes strongly repressed during mammary cell transformation and in breast cancer. Monoallelic genetic inactivation of LARS in mouse mammary …
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STUDIES OF THE PYRROLYSYL-TRNA SYNTHETASE
… amino acid encoded by the UAG codon. Pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylS) is the specific enzyme that can attach Pyl to its cognate tRNA, the amber suppressor tRNAPyl. The biosynthesis of pyrrolysine required the function of three genes, pylC, pylB, pylD, which were identified in the same apparent …
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Stucture-function relationships of human initiator tRNA mutants and attempted regulated expresion of tRNA genes in yeast
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 1995.
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Molecular characterization of entamoeba histolytica tRNA genes
… determined the molecular characteristics of tRNA genes of E. histolytica in relation to the occurrence of diarrhea. METHOD: In this study, patients were recruited from rural pnmary health care clinics in Giyani, Limpopo Province and private clinics in Pretoria, Gauteng Province. The …
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tRNA synthetases as potential RNA capping enzymes
… pro enzym vytvářející NpnN-RNA jsou aminoacyl-tRNA syntetázy. Tyto enzymy jsou, kromě své esenciální role v translaci, odpovědny za syntézu volných dinukleosid polyfosfátů v buňce. V této práci jsme vybrali čtyři tRNA syntetázy, klonovali je do plazmidů a purifikovali pomocí proteinové …
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The Hydroxamate Reaction of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases
… which remain bound to the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases that catalyze their formation. The activated amino acids are then esterified to specific transfer RNA molecules. By this reaction sequence, the specificity and energetics necessary for polypeptide synthesis are conferred upon the …
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The Role of tRNA methyltransferases in Cancer
… within the context of cancer. Among these, tRNA modifications play a crucial role in maintaining translational fidelity and supporting cancer cell survival under adverse conditions. This thesis explores the contribution of two tRNA methyltrans- ferases - TRMT1, responsible for catalysing the …
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Modelling neuronal mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase defects
… muscle. Mutations in mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (MT-ARS) genes, which are crucial for mitochondrial protein synthesis and energy production via oxidative phosphorylation, are implicated in a variety of severe neurological and multisystemic diseases. Among these, mutations in …
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BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF TWO DISTINCT METHIONYL-TRNA SYNTHETASES
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that catalyze the attachment of amino acids to their cognate tRNAs for protein biosynthesis at the ribosome. The long term objective of this project is to investigate catalytic features of methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) from two different …
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Characterizing CMT-causing variants in tryptophanyl- tRNA synthetase
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are essential enzymes that link amino acids to their cognate tRNAs. Neurological conditions, such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, have been linked to variants identified in these enzymes. I created a humanized yeast model to assess the underlying …
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Structure and Function Studies on tRNA Splicing Endonuclease
<p>A subset of eukaryotic pre-tRNAs have introns that must be spliced out to become mature molecules capable of functioning in translation. This essential processing step is performed by tRNA splicing endonuclease (TSEN), a highly conserved heterotetramer with two catalytic and two structural …
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The C-terminal domains of leucyl-tRNA synthetases
The mitochondrial Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (mtLeuRS) of certain Caenorhabditis species contains an idiosyncratic C-terminal addition. Bioinformatic analyses identified this domain in the mtLeuRS and also four putative nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) encoded within the domain (Ezak, Hong, …
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Investigating the Role of Conformational Flexibility in tRNA Aminoacylation
Proteins are dynamic macromolecules. According to Koshland's classical "induced fit" model of enzyme regulation, proteins have essential conformational flexibility for ligand binding, which promotes catalysis by structural rearrangement. Proteins undergo structural rearrangements to bind ligands, …
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GUIDE RNA-DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT tRNA MODIFICATIONS IN ARCHAEA
… others are catalyzed by RNA-protein complexes. tRNAs from all domains of life contain many such modifications, that increase their structural stability and refine their decoding properties. Certain regions of tRNAs are more frequently modified than others. Two such regions are the anticodon …
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The Role of Queuine Deficient tRNA in Translational Control
… research was to study the effect of the level of tRNA modification with respect to queuine on translational efficiency. Transfer RNA from neoplastic cells is generally deficient with regard to certain hypermodified nucleosides found in normal cells. The hypothesis that was examined is whether or …
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Entwicklung einer Synthesestrategie aminoacylierter Dimerfragmente der tRNA mittels Festphasensynthese
Für die Synthese misacylierter tRNA’s existiert ein Verfahren, welches von einer 3‘-seitig um zwei Nukleotide verkürzten tRNA ausgeht, die mittels T4 RNA Ligase mit einem zuvor über chemische Methoden aminoacylierten Dimerfragment (pdCpA-naa, naa: nicht natürliche Aminosäure) zu einer kompletten, …
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