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Showing 1 to 13 of 13 for “"superantigens"”.
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The role of superantigens during Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization and infection
Superantigens (SAgs) are potent toxins produced by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus that function to overactivate T cells resulting in massive cytokine production and immune activation. Despite decades of research on the structure and function of these proteins, as well as their role in …
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Superantigens as vaccine delivery vehicles for the generation of cellular immune responses
… to evade their hosts. The production of superantigens is one of these mechanisms. Superantigens are potent T cell mitogens that have the unique ability to bind simultaneously to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and T cell receptors (TCRs). The resulting …
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Biochemical and Immunological Mechanisms Underlying Differential Interaction of Superantigens with Host Immunogenetic Factors in Streptococcal Sepsis
… cytokines responses triggered by streptococcal superantigens (Strep SAgs). SAgs interact simultaneously with HLA class II molecules on antigen presenting cells (APC) and with the T cell receptor beta chain variable elements (TCR V) and cause excessive stimulation of both cell types and massive …
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Microbial interactions with epithelial surfaces.
… with the production of staphylococcal exotoxins. Superantigens are a family of staphylococcal exotoxins associated with many of these illnesses. Superantigens are defined by their abilities to induce massive cytokine release from host T cells and antigen presenting cells, leading to the …
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Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Induced Clonal Anergy in αβ T Cell Receptor Transgenic Mice
<p>Superantigens such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) have been widely used to study T cell tolerance. While both clonal deletion and apparent anergy have been described in response to superantigens, it has not been clear whether true anergy occurs, or whether the most reactive T cells are …
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Identification of surface protein complexes of Streptococcus pyogenes through protein microarray technology
… the potent toxins secreted by GAS and known as superantigens. Several of these interactors belong to the molecular chaperone or protein folding catalyst families and presumably are involved in the secretion and folding of the superantigen. In addition, a very interesting interaction was found …
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Staphylococcus aureus as a source of antigens stimulating bovine dendritic cells and lymphocytes in vitro
… effective protection against S. aureus. The superantigens and virulence factors secreted by live S. aureus (LSA) can interfere with immune responses and memory cell formation. Because irradiation reduces the metabolic activity and secretion of proteins, including S. aureus superantigens and …
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Helper phage capsid size redirection by staphylococcal pathogenicity island SaPI1 involves internal scaffolding proteins.
… SaPI family of S. aureus mobile elements encode superantigens and are mobilized at high frequency by specific helper bacteriophages. One remarkable feature of helper phage exploitation by SaPIs is remodeling of the normal T=7 bacteriophage capsid to produce smaller T=4 phage-like particles. These …
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Characterization of a T Cell Receptor: Peptide/MHC Binding Interaction
… ligands, including monoclonal antibodies (mAb), superantigens, and peptide/MHC ligands, we have expressed a family of 2C scTCRs which contain alanine point mutations in the complementarity determining regions (CDR) and fourth hypervariable region of the $\beta$ chain. Using these mutant scTCRs, …
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Comparative and Functional Genomic Analysis of <i>Streptococcus Equi</i> and <i>Streptococcus Zooepidemicus</i> : Identifying Novel Vaccine Targets
… encoding a phospholipase A2 toxin, and 4 superantigens, and an integrative conjugative element carrying a novel siderophore-like nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) system. The NRPS shares similarity with the yersiniabactin system found in the high pathogenicity island of <i>Yersinia …
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Engineering the T Cell Receptor to Protect Host Cells in Superantigen-Induced Septic Shock
Superantigens (SAgs) are potent pathogenic agents. Produced by bacteria and viruses, these proteins target a subset of white blood cells, namely T cells, which are responsible for the cell-mediated responses of the immune system. SAgs stimulate T cell populations by crosslinking a T cell receptor …
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Systems Biology Approach to Identifying Host Interactive Pathways Modulating the Severity of Streptococcal Sepsis
… HLA class II molecules present streptococcal superantigens (SAgs) to T cells, and variations in HLA class II molecules can strongly influence SAg responses. However, the bacteria produce a very large number of additional virulence factors that participate in the pathogenesis of this complex …
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Engineering soluble, high affinity T cell receptor domains for detection of staphylococcal and streptococcal exotoxins
Staphylococcus aureus and group A Streptococcus express a family of exotoxins including staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C (SEA, SEB, SEC), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SpeA, SpeC) that possess superantigenic properties, by virtue of which they …