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Showing 1 to 13 of 13 for “"sulfenic"”.
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SYNTHESIS OF SMALL MOLECULE PROBES FOR PROTEIN SULFENIC ACIDS
… oxidation of cysteine residues forming cysteine sulfenic acids (Cys-SOH) which are thought to be one of the most prevalent cysteine modifications, and formation of these species reversibly alters protein function. However, the subtle balance between oxidative signaling and damage is still unclear …
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Photochemical and computational study of sulfoxides, sulfenic esters, and sulfinyl radicals
… study on the thermochemistry of several simple sulfenic acids (RSOH) and esters (RSOR') is reported. The sulfinyl radical was study computationally and the ground and excited electronic states using ab-initio and density functional methods. The coupling reaction of sulfinyl radicals is also …
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UNDERSTANDING SULFUR BASED REDOX BIOLOGY THROUGH ADVANCEMENTS IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
Sulfenic acids are fleeting intermediates formed from the oxidation of cysteine thiols by a number of biologically relevant oxidants. Sulfenic acids are quickly converted to other species including disulfides, thiosulfinates, sulfinic acids, or sulfonic acids, leading to changes in protein …
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Redox Regulation of T cell Activation and Function During Viral Infection
… examined the importance of reversible cysteine sulfenic acid formation in naïve CD8+ T cell activation and proliferation. We observed that within minutes of T cell activation, naïve CD8+ T cells increased ROI levels in a manner dependent upon antigen concentration. Increased ROI resulted in …
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REDOX REGULATION OF B CELL ACTIVATION AND THE ANTI-VIRAL HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE
… of the reversible formation of cysteine sulfenic acid on B cell activation and proliferation. BCR ligation with anti-IgM or antigen resulted in ROI production that reaches a maximum by 15 minutes. Increased ROI coincides with elevated levels of the first oxidation product of cysteine, …
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Elucidation of the Various Mechanisms of Antioxidant Activity of Organosulfur Compounds
… antioxidants (RTAs) through the intermediacy of sulfenic acids (RSOH). In an effort to shed light on the antioxidant mechanisms of other organosulfur constituents of garlic and sulfurized olefins, in Chapter 2, we reported on the antioxidant activity of trisulfide-1-oxides (RS(O)SSR) at 37 °C. In …
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NEW METHODS FOR DETECTING BIOMARKERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND REDOX SIGNALING ON PROTEIN CYSTEINE RESIDUES
… of these oxidants. S-Nitrosothiols (RSNO) and sulfenic acids (RSOH) are thought to be two of the most common cysteine modifications, and formation of these species reversibly alters protein function. Protein oxidation is studied to a lesser extent than lipid and DNA oxidation in part because of …
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Toward Engineering Oxygenase Activity into the Electron Transfer Protein Azurin
… through description of the first reported Cu(II)-sulfenic acid species. This species, prepared in high yield through copper mediated reduction of hydrogen peroxide, represents the first reported chemical transformation in ‘converted’ electron transfer protein. Furthermore, it is the first report …
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Developing an optimal method for producing a tearless onion
… synthase (LFS) specifically from 1-propenyl sulfenic acid, a breakdown product of trans-1-propenyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (1-PRENCSO) by alliinase. This thesis describes strategies to produce a tearless onion by using RNA interference (RNAi) silencing. To determine whether a gene silencing …
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Mechanistic studies of nitrile hydratases and their activator proteins
… residues undergo post-translational oxidation to sulfenic and sulfinic acid moieties. Both the Fe-type and Co-type NHase require a metallochaperone or ‘activator’ protein for maturation to the fully functional state. Through spectroscopy, crystallography, and computational methods, this research …
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X-ray Spectroscopic Studies of Model Compounds With Relevance to Nickel Superoxide Dismutase, Nitrile Hydratase and Copper Related Neurodegenerative Disorders
… active form, a sulfinate (SO<sub>2</sub>) and a sulfenic acid (SOH). Over or under oxidation result in no activity of the metellopeptide mimic. The Aβ (amyloid-β) peptide and the PrP (prion protein) were investigated to determine Cu coordination environments. The Aβ peptide forms …
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The mechanism by which manganese protects Escherichia coli from hydrogen peroxide
The goal of this study was to understand the mechanism by which manganese protects cells against reactive oxygen species, particularly H2O2. We showed while manganese transport mutants, mntH, have no growth defect, mntH mutants in strains that cannot scavenge H2O2, Hpx- mntH, failed to grow when …