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Showing 1 to 14 of 14 for “"specialized metabolism"”.
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Mechanisms of Enzyme Neofunctionalization in Plant Specialized Metabolism
… of secondary metabolites, along with highly specialized enzymes and unique metabolic pathways that support their biosynthesis. To date, approximately one-third of all existing pharmaceuticals are of plant origin. However, only a fraction of plant natural products and their derivatives have …
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The evolution and specialized metabolism of beetle bioluminescence
Fireflies (Lampyridae) and certain other families of beetles including the American railroad worms (Phengodidae), Asian starworms (Rhagophthalmidae), and American click-beetles (Elateridae), produce light in a process known as bioluminescence. The bioluminescent systems of beetles, natively used …
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Identification, Characterization, and Functional Analysis of Terpenoid Specialized Metabolism in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and Carrot (Daucus carota)
Plants produce a large number of specialized or secondary compounds that aid in their reproduction and protection against biotic and abiotic stress. In this work I investigated the metabolism and function of terpenes, the largest class of specialized metabolites, in switchgrass and carrot. …
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The role of enzyme promiscuity in plant metabolic evolution
… on land. The breadth and diversity of plant specialized metabolism reflects upon the adaptive innovations that took place during plants' colonization of land in the past 500 million years. Moreover, these rich metabolic networks are valued for the array of bioactive molecules they encompass, …
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Biochemical, Molecular and Functional Analysis of Volatile Terpene Formation in Arabidopsis Roots
Plants produce secondary (or specialized) metabolites to respond to a variety of environmental changes and threats. Especially, volatile compounds released by plants facilitate short and long distance interaction with both beneficial and harmful organisms. Comparatively little is known about the …
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Enzyme structure, function, and evolution in flavonoid biosynthesis
Plant specialized metabolism is a key evolutionary adaptation that has enabled plants to migrate from water onto land and subsequently spread throughout terrestrial environments. Flavonoids are one particularly important class of plant specialized metabolites, playing a wide variety of roles in …
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Metabolomic approaches to understanding the auxin and ethylene response in Arabidopsis roots
… through alterations in the levels of flavonoids, specialized plant metabolites that have been shown to act as negative regulators of auxin transport. However, much remains to be learned about auxin and ethylene responses at the level of the metabolome. LC-MS analysis showed that a number of ions …
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Paralogous genes in Arabidopsis thaliana contribute to diversified phenylpropanoid metabolism
… provides added fitness remains difficult. Plant specialized metabolism provides an attractive platform to study the fixation of genes post duplication and how this process leads to the chemical diversity seen today. Specialized metabolites by definition are thought to be dispensable under normal …
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Characterizing the role in amino acid sensing and signaling of Amino Acid Permease 1 in Arabidopsis
… acids are necessary for protein synthesis and specialized metabolism in plants. Yet very little is known about how plants sense and regulate when and where to allocate amino acids to meet the demand for nitrogen in growing tissues. In particular, while characterized in yeast and mammals, no …
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The γ-tocopherol-like family of N-methyltransferases: A taxonomically clustered gene family encoding enzymes responsible for N-methylation of monoterpene indole alkaloids
… in MIA biosynthesis never seen before in plant specialized metabolism research. Probing the transcriptome assemblies of Catharanthus roseus (L.)G.Don, Vinca minor L., Rauwolfia serpentine (L.)Benth ex Kurz, Tabernaemontana elegans, and Amsonia hubrichtii, with the nucleotide sequence of the …
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Investigations into the molecular evolution of plant terpene, alkaloid, and urushiol biosynthetic enzymes
… chemicals (so called secondary or specialized metabolites) that confer a selective advantage to the plant, such as defense against herbivory or protection from changing environmental conditions. Many of these specialized metabolites are used for their medicinal properties, as lead …
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Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Induced Terpene Formation in Arabidopsis Roots
Plants have evolved a variety of constitutive and induced chemical defense mechanisms against biotic stress. Emission of volatile compounds from plants facilitates interactions with both beneficial and pathogenic organisms. However, knowledge of the chemical defense in roots is still limited. In …
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Investigations into the molecular basis of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in natural product biosynthesis
… Primary metabolites are involved in central metabolism and are essential for the survival of the organism. On the other hand, secondary metabolites are produced by organisms for an ‘added advantage’ effect. These molecules may be responsible for signaling and communication, antimicrobial …
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Characterization of six Arabidopsis AROGENATE DEHYDRATASE promoters
… plants, and is a major component of numerous specialized metabolites including structural components, pigments, and defense compounds. The last step in the synthesis of phenylalanine is catalyzed by an enzyme called AROGENATE DEHYDRATASE, of which there are six different isoenzymes encoded by …