Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 37 for “"ritonavir"”.
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Ritonavir - A Novel Multidrug Resistance Modulator in Cancer Chemotherapy and Ocular Neovascular Diseases
… with vinblastine alone and in the presence of ritonavir. The expression of efflux transporters (MDR1 and MRP2), metabolizing enzyme (CYP3A4) and nuclear hormone receptor (PXR) was induced in response to vinblastine. This overexpression was completely neutralized when cells were cotreated with …
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Determination of total, unbound, and intracellular concentrations of the antiretroviral drugs Efavirenz, Lopinavir, and Ritonavir
Efavirenz, lopinavir, and ritonavir are antiretroviral drugs used for the treatment of HIV in South Africa. Plasma concentrations of these drugs are routinely monitored to ensure efficacy, minimise adverse effects, and adjust dosing. However, variability exists in patient treatment response and …
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In vitro metabolism studies to inform physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling of mefloquine, ritonavir and proguanil
… used drugs, namely mefloquine, proguanil and ritonavir, were measured. This was done by measuring the microsomal metabolism of these drugs in human liver microsomes, then determining the fraction of the drug metabolized by CYP (fm,CYP) isoforms and confirming this metabolic pattern using …
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Population pharmacokinetic models describing drug-drug interactions and variability in HIV infected South Africans on protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral regimens with and without tuberculosis
Lopinavir/ritonavir is an important component of the first-line and second-line antiretroviral treatment for young children and adults respectively in the current World Health Organization guidelines. Rifampicin, a key component of antituberculosis treatment, profoundly reduces lopinavir …
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The Plasma, Whole Blood and Intracellular Concentrations of Antiretroviral Agents in South African Children Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy with and without Concomitant Antitubercular Treatment
… is frequently indicated. Efavirenz and lopinavir/ritonavir (ratio 1:1) as part of antiretroviral therapy are used in combination with rifampicin-based antitubercular treatment in South African TB/HIV co-infected children. Adult studies show that concomitant rifampicin significantly reduces …
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Virologic outcomes of HIV-infected children undergoing a single-class drug substitution from Lopinavir/Ritonavir- to Efavirenz-based antiretroviral treatment: A retrospective cohort study
… Health Organisation (WHO) recommends lopinavir/ritonavir-based (LPV/r) cART as first-line for children <36 months old with the option to substitute LPV/r with a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor if virologic suppression is maintained. This simplification strategy is potentially …
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The effects of HIV-1 viral protein r (vpr) and anti-retroviral drugs in the brain: Implications in HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders
… We found that antiretroviral drugs lopinavir/ritonavir produce neuroinflammatory cytokines/chemokines (IL 6 and IL-8) and oxidative stress in vitro. Neuroplasticity proteins and antioxidant system were also perturbed by lopinavir/ritonavir treatment in mice brain which were prevented by the …
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Population pharmacokinetic modelling to address the gaps in knowledge of commonly used HIV and TB drugs in children
… to abacavir co-treated with standard lopinavir/ritonavir for over 7 days, possibly indicating that clearance is induced with time on ART, b) malnourished HIV infected children had much higher exposures but this effect waned with a half-life of 12.2 (CI: 9.87-16.8) days as children stayed on …
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Endogenous retroviral proteins as potential drug targets for merlin-deficient tumours
… the FDA approved retroviral protease inhibitors Ritonavir, Atazanavir and Lopinavir which could be potentially repurposed for the treatment of Merlin-deficient schwannoma and grade I meningioma. Ritonavir and Lopinavir effectively decreased the proliferation of Merlin-deficient primary schwannoma …
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Die Bedeutung der Proteasehemmer-Plasmakonzentration für das Lipodystrophiesyndrom bei Patienten mit HIV-Infektion unter HAART
… die Proteaseinhibitoren (PI) mit den Substanzen Ritonavir (RTV), Saquinavir (SQV), Indinavir (IDV) und Nelfinavir (NVF) sowie den neueren Substanzen Amprenavir und Lopinavir, die in Kombination mit Substanzen der Nukleosidischen- (NRTI) und Nicht-Nukleosidalen-Reverse-Transkriptase-Inhibitoren …
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Developing novel drug combinations for treatment of invasive fungal infections
… The HIV protease inhibitors (lopinavir and ritonavir) were identified as potent enhancers to the antifungal activity of azole drugs (fluconazole, voriconazole and itraconazole). We confirmed that lopinavir and ritonavir have the capability to interfere with fungal efflux pump machinery. The …
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Outcomes and effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected children in South African treatment cohorts
… triple ART containing nevirapine or unboosted ritonavir (in comparison with lopinavir/ritonavir or efavirenz). The fifth and sixth papers demonstrate that immunological criteria have low sensitivity and positive predictive value for virological failure. Targeted viral load measurement reduces …
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Strategies for optimising TB-HIV co-treatment in children and adolescents with drug-susceptible tuberculosis on rifampicin-based standard regimens
… dose-adjustment strategies involving lopinavir/ritonavir, a widely available protease inhibitor for first- and second -line ART, using both liquid and tablet formulations. We then investigated a twice-daily dosing regimen of tenofovir alafenamide for children co-treated with rifampicin. Lastly, …
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Outcomes and effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected children in South African treatment cohorts
… triple ART containing nevirapine or unboosted ritonavir (in comparison with lopinavir/ritonavir or efavirenz). The fifth and sixth papers demonstrate that immunological criteria have low sensitivity and positive predictive value for virological failure. Targeted viral load measurement reduces …
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Synthesis, Characterization and Structure-Property Relationships of Polymer-Stabilized Nanoparticles Containing Imaging and Therapeutic Agents
… the poorly water-soluble antiretroviral drug, ritonavir, at therapeutically-useful loadings. Controlled size distributions were achieved by incorporation of homopolymer additives, poly(L-lactide) or poly(butylene oxide) during the nanoparticle preparation process. Nanoparticles either …
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The pharmacokinetics of lopinavir in HIV-infected adults receiving rifampicin with adjusted doses of lopinavir
… of the protease inhibitor (PI) lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) and 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTls). This review will focus on the data of the drug-drug interactions between the PIs and rifampicin, with an emphasis on LPV/r.
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Nonlinear mixed-effects modelling of drug-drug interactions between antiretroviral therapy and tuberculosis treatment
… Secondly, we characterized the DDI between ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV/r) and rifampicin, both in plasma and within peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Rifampicin increased the clearance of ATV/r by threefold, and doubling the dosing frequency of ATV/r was sufficient to …
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Functional Expression of ABC Transporters at Blood-tissue Barriers: Relevance to Antiretroviral Drug Tissue Distribution
… mice. In addition, we investigated the role of ritonavir as a potential inhibitor of P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein, using Cyp3a-/- (8-gene) knockout mouse model, and demonstrated that ritonavir can modestly enhance the accumulation of atazanavir in the brain and testes …
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Pullulan w-carboxyalkanoates for Drug Nanodispersions
… to retard the recrystallization of the HIV drug ritonavir and antibacterial clarithromycin. However, these cellulose derivatives have limitations due to their limited water solubility. Natural pullulan is water-soluble and modification with w-carboxyalkanoate groups would provide a unique set of …
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