Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 38 for “"resistance mutations"”.
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Drug Resistance Mutations in Naive HIV-1 South African Patients, and Construction of Molecular Clones to Phenotype Putative Resistance Mutations
… is progressing data is required on patterns of resistance and evolution of resistance. Thirty protease (PR) and 31 reverse transcriptase (RT) amino acid sequences of HIV primary isolates from drug naNe patients from rural settings in South Africa were examined for resistance mutations. Samples …
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Analysis of cytomegalovirus UL97 drug resistance mutations in patients receiving Ganciclovir
Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) drug resistance mutations, because of the widespread use of ganciclovir, have been widely reported in international literature, particularly in the post-transplant setting. However, a genotypic assay to detect CMV drug resistance is not available in South Africa …
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Investigating the impacts of resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in order to improve the selection of new drug targets
… death worldwide, arises mainly from spontaneous mutations in the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). There is an urgent need to understand the mechanism by which the mutations confer resistance in order to design new drugs to reduce its emergence in the future. The present study …
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Characterization of and risk factors for HIV-1 resistance mutations following first line antiretroviral failure in the southern African private sector
… in South Africa. Many patients develop HIV drug resistance mutations when they fail first-line ART. The effect of different drug regimens and other patient related factors on drug resistant mutations selected at first line failure are not well characterised in Southern Africa with its …
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Language Models Predict Drug Resistance from Complex Sequence Variation
… promise in their ability to predict viral escape mutations, potentially enabling more intelligent therapeutic design [6]. Hie et al.’s work puts forth the key conceptual advance that viral escape from human immunity occurs in the event of a mutation which simultaneously generates meaningful …
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An investigation Into the genetic variation of hepatitis C virus in patients coinfected with HIV
… impact of HIV co-infection on the presence of resistance associated mutations occurring at baseline, studying the largest cohort to date. The Q80K polymorphism was not observed in any sample as a minority variant, suggesting that the current clinical procedures for pre-treatment screening are …
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Understanding the Genetics and Evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia Coli
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a global public health challenge. The central goals of my PhD research are to better understand AMR evolution, with the long-term goal of developing novel strategies to mitigate the problem of AMR. This involves gaining comprehensive insights into the …
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Interactions Between APOBEC3 and Murine Retroviruses: Mechanisms of Restriction and Drug Resistance
… synthesized during reverse transcription. These mutations can result in viral lethality via disruption of critical genes, but in some cases is insufficient to completely obstruct viral replication. This sublethal level of mutagenesis could aid in viral evolution. A cytidine deaminase-independent …
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Computational ligand design and analysis in protein complexes using inverse methods, combinatorial search, and accurate solvation modeling
… protease that should be less likely to induce resistance mutations because they fit inside a consensus substrate envelope. Fifteen designed inhibitors were chemically synthesized, and four of the tightest binding compounds to the wild-type protease exhibited broad specificity against a panel of …
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Requirements and strategies for winning the battle against antibiotic resistance by antisense technology
… population. The effectiveness of redesigning on resistance is conditioned on rescuing the hybridization affinity. The hybridization affinity can be rescued if the mutations for acquiring resistance were on the target sequence. However there can be mutations elsewhere in the genome that would …
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Genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus from Northern South Africa
… areas in Limpopo Province of South Africa; mutations associated with drug resistance to protease inhibitors (Pis), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTls) and non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTs), co-receptor usage and epitope mapping of HIV-1 isolates from drug …
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Generation of SOS inhibitors as co-drugs to potentiate the activity of bactericidal antibiotics and to block the emergence of antibiotic resistance
The rapidly increasing emergence of antibiotic resistance amongst pathogenic bacteria is a major clinical and public health problem. The increase in resistant pathogens, accompanied with the small number of new antibiotics introduced in recent years, has limited the number of effective …
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EPIDEMIOLOGY AND POPULATION GENETICS OF THE GRAPE POWDERY MILDEW CAUSAL FUNGUS, ERYSIPHE NECATOR, AND ITS RELATION TO COMMERCIAL DISEASE MANAGEMENT
… have been shown numerous times to overcome host resistance and several fungicide groups within a couple years of deployment. For this study, Amplicon Sequencing (AmpSeq) was performed on 3,170 field samples of E. necator collected between 2015 and 2020 with multiple timepoints per season …
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Efficient New Computational Protein Design Algorithms, with Applications to Drug Resistance Prediction and HIV Antibody Design
… relevant problems: (i) prediction of drug resistance mutations that arise in response to four pre-clinical antibiotics, and (ii) the re-design of a monoclonal HIV antibody for improved potency and breadth of neutralization.</p>
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Signal Transduction and Transcriptional Regulation Pathways Essential for Azole Resistance in Candida albicans
… of ergosterol biosynthesis. UPC2 activating mutations contribute to azole resistance, whereas disruption increases azole susceptibility. We further investigated the relationship of UPC2 to fluconazole susceptibility, particularly in azole-resistant strains. In addition to the reduced …
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The genetics of glucosamine in yeast : cytoplasmic determinants conferring resistance
… that: 1. the frequency of glucos~~ine resistance in diploids was independent of factors influencing mitochondrial marker output. 2. upon tetrad analysis a variety of tetrad ratios was observed for glucosamine resistance whereas mitochondrial markers segregated 4:0 or 0:4 …
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Investigating the Role of Stem-Loop 1 in the Assembly Process of HIV-1
… introducing previously identified compensatory mutations into the SP1 and NC domains of Gag, in a manner reminiscent of the actions of maturation inhibitor resistance mutations. The effects of the compensatory mutations were also dependent on intact late domain motifs. These data suggest that …
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Investigations of Novel Mechanisms of Action for Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Cancer Agent Development
… resistant bacterial strains and accumulating mutations in cancer targets that is quickly rendering our current arsenal of drugs ineffective for these therapies. Unless new drugs with novel mechanisms of action are identified and developed at a faster pace, we face a losing battle in managing …
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Phylogeny, histological observation, and in vitro fungicide screening and field trials of multiple Colletotrichum species, the causal agents of grape ripe rot
… fungicide-screened isolates to observe potential resistance mutations, 4) investigate the susceptibility of three grapevine tissues to Colletotrichum species, 5) observe potential infection structures before and after the application of fungicides, 6) evaluate the efficacy of commercial fungicide …
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Exploiting fitness trade-offs to prevent antifungal drug resistance
The evolution of drug resistance in pathogenic microorganisms is typically viewed as an inevitable consequence of the selective pressures imposed by antimicrobial agents. However, although certain drugs rapidly lose efficacy in the clinic, others remain refractory to resistance. In my thesis, I …
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