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Showing 1 to 20 of 52 for “"reference electrode"”.
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Corrosion fatigue initiation in stainless steels : The scanning reference electrode technique.
… steel were studied using a novel scanning reference electrode technique (SRET). Emphasis was made on the role played by corrosion pits, which can act as stress concentrators and promote fatigue crack nucleation. SRET measurements conducted during the potentiostatic generation of pits on the …
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Reference Electrode Development in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Electrolyzer Assembly for Novel Investigation of Electrodes
… PEME systems, however, requires improvements to electrode design, performance, and reduction of material costs. In particular, reducing the precious metal loading at the oxygen producing electrode (anode) is critical to making PEME commercially competitive. Measuring the electrode potentials …
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Li-ion battery electrode state of charge and degradation monitoring using battery casing as the reference electrode
… internal state such as state of charge (SOC), electrode capacity, and available lithium-ion monitoring is helpful for effective battery degradation monitoring. Monitoring these internal parameters is challenging due to the weak observability of the electrode parameters and lack of information …
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Mullite Membrane Reference Electrode Evaluation and Application for Ni-Cr Corrosion Behavior in High Temperature Chloride Salts
… properties, some work has proposed using a three-electrode system with a reference electrode housed in a ceramic membrane. This research aims to develop a stable high-temperature reference electrode using a ceramic membrane that is then applied to develop an on-line monitoring system of Ni-Cr …
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Electrochemistry and Electrokinetics in Microchannels
… a device is the implementation of a miniaturized reference electrode and salt bridge. The purpose of a salt bridge is to allow ionic conduction between the reference and working electrodes while maintaining a physical separation between the two systems. Macro reference electrode and salt bridge …
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Aging Effects of the Cathode and Determination of Single Electrode Performance in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
… the lifetime of SOFCs and develop innovative electrode microstructures; we need to understand the individual process including the degradation processes to the cathode or the anode. To identify the independent anode and cathode contributions to the total impedance, one conventional …
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Development, manufacture and application of a solid-state pH sensor using ruthenium oxide
… metal oxide (RuO2). Initially, pH sensitive RuO2 electrodes were prepared by deposition with radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) in a reactive oxygen plasma, onto screen-printed carbon based electrical contacts (substrates). These electrodes performed well, between pH 4 and 10, exhibiting …
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Novel Electrochemical Methods for Acidity Monitoring: Theory, Design and Application
… a pH-sensitive redox particle immobilised on an electrode was developed, which predicted that the accumulation of hydrogen ions near the electrode is the possible limiting factor for the performance of this design in unbuffered media. To develop a pH-monitoring technology for unbuffered media, …
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Hydrogen terminated silicon surfaces: Development of sensors to detect metallic contaminants and stability studies under different environments
… with respect to two non-contaminating reference electrode systems was evaluated. In the first case, conductive diamond was used as a reference electrode. In the second case, a dual silicon electrode system was used with one of the silicon-based electrodes protected with an anion …
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A study of effects of inhibitors on cathode potentials of metals in dilute acids
… added was measured against a saturated calomel reference electrode. Platinum, mild steel, copper, monel, inconel, yellow brass, nickel and tin were used as cathodic specimen electrodes. Platinum was also used as the anode. Four point nine per cent sulfuric acid, five per cent acetic acid and …
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Electrochemistry of Polyaniline-DNA System.
… potential range of –0.2V to 0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode, respectively. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, the alternating-current impedance, the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and the voltammetry techniques have been used to characterize the above …
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Micro- and nano-electrode arrays for electroanalytical sensing
… electrochemical behaviour of two sets of microelectrode arrays, fabricated by standard photolithographic and reactive-ion etching techniques, is presented. The first set of microelectrode arrays had a constant relative centre-centre spacing of 10r (where r is the electrode radius). As a value …
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Understanding of Ammonia Transport In Pem Fuel Cells
… degrade the performance of fuel cell. External Reference Electrode (ERE) was employed to decouple the effect of individual electrode and explain the mechanism of NH3 contamination.</p> <p>A NH3 transport mechanism is supported by data for various inlet conditions in a N2/N2 laboratory-scale fuel …
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Microfluidic reactor for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide
… the reaction conditions and enables the use of a reference electrode to study individual electrode performances. These characteristics make the reactor and excellent tool for studying and optimizing catalysts and reaction parameters. The utility of this design is demonstrated by: (i) comparison of …
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Monitoring Tissue Function Dynamics in vitro with Bioelectronics: Towards Understanding Barrett’s Oesophagus Pathogenesis
… e-transmembrane adheres to the conventional, two-electrode configuration, I have demonstrated a significant improvement in measurement sensitivity by extending the design to a three-electrode configuration, which incorporates a reference electrode. In particular, the utility of a non-conventional …
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Constants of acid ionization and chelate formation of penicillamine and cysteine with gold (I) and other important metals at simulated biological conditions
… titration using a standard glass and calomel reference electrode to determine hydrogen ion activity in solution. The results were treated with the computer program SCOGS which is capable of resolving multiple metal ligand solutions. Two competing ligands were employed in some cases because of …
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Electrolytic remediation of chromated copper arsenate wastes
… development and testing of a copper sulfate reference electrode (CSE); electrolytic deposition of arsenic, chromium, and copper from model aqueous CCA wastes; and characterization of the resulting deposits. The electrochemical stability analysis of the individual components, As, Cr, and Cu, …
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ΜΕΤΡΗΣΗ ΧΑΡΑΚΤΗΡΙΣΤΙΚΩΝ ΠΟΙΟΤΗΤΑΣ ΕΚΛΕΚΤΙΚΩΝ ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΔΙΩΝ ΙΟΝΤΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΚΙΝΗΤΙΚΕΣ ΑΝΑΛΥΣΕΙΣ ΜΕ ΔΙΑΤΑΞΕΙΣ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΜΕΝΕΣ ΑΠΟ ΜΙΚΡΟΥΠΟΛΟΓΙΣΤΗ
… CRUSIAL QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODES. THE SECOND SYSTEM, CONTROLLED BY AN AMSTRAD CPC-6128 MICROCOMPUTER, IS USED EXCLUSIVELY FOR KINETIC STUDIES AND KINETIC ANALYSIS WITH ISES. AS FAR AS THE FIRST SYSTEM IS CONCERNED, CONTROL PROGRAMS WERE DEVELOPED, CAPABLE OF DOING THE …
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Bipolar Pulse Conductance Measurements With Ion-Selective Electrodes
… of the calcium and fluoride ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) is presented as an alternative to the classical potentiometric technique. Bipolar pulse conductometric monitoring of ISEs does not require a real reference electrode; two voltage pulses of equal time duration, equal magnitude, but …
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Transistor-based biosensing: expanding the functionality of field effect transistors
… of nucleic acid amplification using an on-chip electrode, this thesis aims to enable the next generation of portable biosensors for primary care and on-site diagnostics. Chapter 2 presents an overview of the current state-of-the-art of electrical biosensors. In keeping with the goal of complete, …
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