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Showing 1 to 20 of 23 for “"quaternary ammonium compounds"”.
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Evaluating Immunotoxicity of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) are common quaternary ammonium compounds used as disinfectants in households, medical, and restaurant settings. They cause occupational skin and respiratory hazards in humans, and developmental and …
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Modern mass spectrometric techniques applied to occupational hygiene analysis.
… detection by spectrophotometric methods. Other quaternary ammonium compounds, that have no chromaphore, are used in preparations also containing BAC. The detection of these compounds can be a problem. In this work an LC/ESI/MS method is presented for the analysis of mixtures of BAC and other …
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Biodegradation of QACs in lake and river water and effects on the microbial community
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are a class of commonly used organic cationic biocides. Disinfectant products contain QACs that are above the minimum inhibitory concentration of most microbes. After usage and wastewater treatment, however, many QACs end up in surface waters at sub-inhibitory …
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Evaluation of a Microalgal Bioassay Based on Community Level Physiological Profiling (CLPP)
… carbon sources for a microalgal bioassay. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) were used as potentially toxic model compounds to demonstrate the applicability of the assay. Toxicity of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) and didecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB) on the growth of …
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Elucidating the Molecular Pathways Involved in the Fitness and Water Stress Response of Pseudomonas synxantha 2-79 in the Plant Rhizosphere
… contain plant-derived osmoprotectants called quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). We tested this hypothesis by identifying waters stress response pathways in the 2-79 genome and then constructing a series of isogenic mutants deficient in one or more biofilm matrix and QAC transporters. The …
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Fate and effect of alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in mixed aerobic and nitrifying cultures
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used in commercial and consumer applications as disinfectants, fabric softeners, hair conditioners, and emulsifying agents. The massive production and utilization of QACs has led to their extensive discharge into the environment, raising concerns …
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Examination of produced water from the Al-Hamada oilfield, Libya.
… (a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds and residues of oilfield chemicals - added to aid oil water separation) and due to the outcome of increasing volume and effect of discharging, its analysis has become a significant issue of environmental concern. For this purpose and also …
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The adsorption of phenolic and organotin compounds by clays and cation exchanged clays
Quaternary ammonium exchanged laponites (Quat-laponites) show selectivity in the adsorption of phenols and chlorinated phenols. Strong adsorbate-adsorbent interactions are indicated by adsorption isotherms. Adsorption of phenols and chlorinated phenols by Quat-smectites is greater than that by the …
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Chemical and biological evaluation of antibiotic-based ionic liquids and GUMBOS against pathogenic bacteria
… ILs consisting of several different quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) on Escherichia coli O157:H7, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. The synthesized API-ILs were validated with proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and …
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Efficacy of Selected Powdered Floor Treatments and Turmeric Rhizome Powder Against Salmonella, E. coli, and L. monocytogenes on Polyurethane-Concrete Flooring Material Carriers
… with a variety of active ingredients including quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), sodium percarbonate and similar perhydrates (SPC), urea, and borax, were investigated for reducing the levels of pathogens on flooring thereby reducing the risk of cross-contamination from the floor to food …
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Effects of Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectants on Mouse Reproductive Function
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are antimicrobial disinfectants commonly used in commercial and household settings. While these compounds have been used for decades, reproductive toxicity has not been thoroughly evaluated. Extensive use of QACs results in ubiquitous human exposure to …
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Evaluation of Nitrification Inhibition Using Bench-Scale Rate Measurements, Profile Sampling, and Process Simulation Modeling
… toilet waste received at NTP possibly containing quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). Due to available blower capacity during construction it was planned that nitrification would not be maintained during the fall of 2009. In an effort to stop nitrification, the solids retention time (SRT) was …
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Elucidation of the Specificity of S. meliloti Chemoreceptors for Host Derived Attractants
… and quantified two classes of attractant compounds exuded by germinating alfalfa seeds, namely, amino acids and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). At all points possible, we have compared alfalfa with the closely related non-host, spotted medic (Medicago arabica). The chemotactic …
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Single-Channel Studies of Agonist Interactions With the Neurotransmitter-Binding and Pore Domains of the Muscle Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
… block by four nicotinic agonists (trimethylammonium (TriMA), tetramethylammonium (TMA), ethyltrimethylammonium (ETMA) and choline), are presented. Our key findings from this study were as follows: although the four quaternary ammonium compounds bind the nicotinic-receptor pore with …
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Evaluating Risks and Mitigation Measures for Foodborne Pathogens on Harvest Bags
… peroxyacetic acid (PAA), isopropyl alcohol with quaternary ammonium compounds (IPAQuats), steam, and water. Regression models were fitted, and Tukey's post hoc test was performed at P<0.05. E. coli exhibited survival for extended durations at 30 % than at 80% RH. In addition, E. coli survived at …
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An in-vitro study investigating current and novel antimicrobial agents as potential topical treatments for cutaneous infections caused by bacteria, fungi and Leishmania
Introduction Guanidino, amidoamine, and quaternary ammonium-based compounds are inherently cationic, finding broad applications in the personal care sector, including hair conditioners and skin creams. Additionally, these compounds serve crucial roles in combating pathogenic diseases as treatments, …
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Risk factors for work-related asthma in health workers with exposure to diverse cleaning agents in two African health care settings
… Finally, specific cleaning agents such as OPA, quaternary ammonium compounds and enzymatic cleaners associated with medical instrument cleaning/disinfection as well as patient care activities and the use of sprays for fixed surface cleaning, are important environmental risk factors for various …
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The nature of host plant recruitment by the sensory repertoire of Sinorhizobium meliloti
… inside a host plant and will fix gaseous N2 into ammonium for the plant. In return, a population of the bacteria is harbored inside the plant where it can proliferate beyond what would be possible in the rhizosphere or bulk soil. This symbiosis is a defining feature of the Fabaceae (legume) …
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The Presence of Pathogenic Bacteria in Recirculating Aquaculture System Biofilms and their Response to Various Sanitizers
… water, alkaline cleanser, sodium hypochlorite, quaternary ammonium compound, or peracetic acid. Ozone was bubbled directly into one tank to treat another set of disks. The modified E. coli were isolated and counted. Total aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts were performed. …
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