Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
Results
Showing 1 to 20 of 38 for “"prior beliefs"”.
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The rational child : theories and evidence in prediction, exploration, and explanation
… I test the claim that differences in prior beliefs or changes in the observed evidence should affect these behaviors. The studies presented in this thesis encompass two manipulations: in some conditions, children's prior beliefs are equal, but the patterns of evidence are varied; in …
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Disfluency disrupts the confirmation bias: when changing the font changes your mind
… selectively seek evidence that confirms their prior beliefs and expectations. This selective search for information allows people to analyze new information in an efficient, but shallow way. The present research discusses how experienced difficultly in processing (disfluency) can reduce the …
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Meaning and compositionality as statistical induction of categories and constraints
… an investigation to separately identify the prior beliefs a language user brings to a particular situation involving meaning-based inference (e.g., learning a word meaning or identifying which objects an adjective applies to within a given context), and to identify what the language user can …
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DEVELOPING BELIEFS AND CHALLENGING ASSUMPTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF A BEGINNING TEACHER’S UNDERSTANDING OF PARENT ENGAGEMENT
… induction programs, and a beginning teacher’s prior beliefs and experiences influenced a beginning teacher’s understanding of parent engagement. Literature was reviewed pertaining to teacher induction, teacher interactions with parents, the effects of culture on beliefs, and the importance of …
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Learning and restructuring causal concepts
… Experiments 1 and 2 showed that learners’ prior beliefs about the causal relations in a domain affected their hypotheses as they began to infer the correct causes. First, when the prior learning suggested evidence against some of the incorrect causes, this helped learners to focus on the …
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The Policy Arguer: A computational model of United States foreign policy belief systems, 1949-1960
… processing of input information depends on the prior beliefs of decision makers, but, for a variety of reasons, these systems of prior beliefs defy ""standard"" empirical and modeling techniques. Computational modeling, including expert system technology, provides an alternative methodology that …
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Mechanisms of apathy in health and Parkinson's disease
… is continuously integrated with predictions or 'prior beliefs' about the consequences of action. I propose that apathy is a failure of active inference, caused by aberrant precision of prior beliefs. I hypothesised that apathy is associated with reduced precision of priors for action, and that …
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Psychological and neural mechanisms of stay/leave decision making
… version of the 4-armed bandit task in which prior beliefs about partners or resources were manipulated. The effects of Study 1B were replicated. Furthermore, it was found that participants weight expectancy-consistent and inconsistent new observations differentially when learning about both …
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What imagination teaches
… in a rule-based way, under the constraint of prior beliefs, can help us acquire knowledge of everyday facts. An examination is then made into the limitations of such a capacity. It is argued that imagination can aid in rational decision-making, even in cases which may involve substantial …
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Process control: a dynamic programming approach
… are shown to exist which are dependent upon prior beliefs about the condition of the process. It is the objective of this thesis to compare the results obtained from this approach to those of an X̅ control chart approach. The model proposed by Knappenberger and Grandage [20] is used as a …
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Cognition and depression in cerebellar and frontal lobe stroke patients
Contrary to prior beliefs, various case studies have shown that the cerebellum is involved in higher order cognitive functions, and the cerebrocerebellar circuitry has been implicated in subserving such functions. Specifically, cerebellar lesions are associated with a constellation of deficits …
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Pre-Learning Interventions Modulate Learning from Error
… always learn from error— motivation, emotion, prior beliefs, and individual differences can all influence learning and memory. In this dissertation, I synthesize diverse evidence from across domains to argue that lingering cognitive and neural states create a context of learning that governs …
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Motivated Reasoning, Ambivalence, And The Local Economy: Asymmetric Biases In The Formation Of Economic Perceptions
… process information in ways that confirm their prior beliefs. This motivation is seen perhaps most clearly in how voters view the economy -- citizens identifying with the incumbent party view the economy favorably, while those opposed to the incumbent party view the economy unfavorably. Thus, …
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Misinformation, Persuasion, and News Media on Social Networks
… based on whether it can move their followers’ beliefs closer to their own in the aggregate, and the current size of news spread, without considering news spreading in the future. I describe the dynamics of news spread arising from individual decisions and uncover the mechanisms that lead to a …
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Pre-Collegiates Students' Teaching Identities
… that the participants possessed well-defined beliefs pertaining to caring teachers and to teaching as a profession, in addition, to commonly held cultural teaching beliefs. These beliefs guided their course experiences and self-assessment of a teaching identity. Although the identification to …
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Assessment of a Space Shuttle trajectory evaluation system (DOLILU II)
… This information is introduced in the form of prior beliefs.;DOLILU II system requires an average time of 30 minutes for each test run. This translates into a large time period required for testing to demonstrate that DOLILU II exhibits the required failure rate. Vertical slicing, a semantic …
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Cost-Based Optimization for Semantic Operator Systems
… set of training examples and, if available, prior beliefs about operator performance. We evaluate the optimizer on a range of workloads including biomedical multi-label classification (BioDEX), information extraction from legal contracts (CUAD), and multi-modal question answering (MMQA). We …
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Robust estimation, regression and ranking with applications in portfolio optimization
… problem from which we can flexibly incorporate prior beliefs into the estimators without much increase in the computational complexity. The robust regression problem is often formulated as the least trimmed squares (LTS) regression problem where we want to nd the best subset of observations with …
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The role of information in the reduction of clinically inappropriate expectations of antibiotics
… alongside illness representations and prior beliefs (Studies 1 and 2), in the context of trust in the health professional providing the information (Studies 3 and 4), and in the presence of a specific mechanism that might prevent the effect of information provision (Studies 5 to 8). The …
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Essays in delegated portfolio management
… the case that the decision to open a fund, given prior beliefs of low managerial ability,
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