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Showing 1 to 13 of 13 for “"phage defense"”.
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Anti-phage defense as a driver of molecular innovation
Bacteriophages, or phages for short, pose a near-constant threat to the bacteria they infect. Billions of years of conflict has been a catalyzing force for the creation of bacterial defense systems and corresponding phage evasion strategies. To counter phage predation, bacteria have developed a …
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Conflict between bacteriophages and a mobile genetic element in bacterial immunity
Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant biological entities on the planet. They are ubiquitous and numerous across the many environments bacteria are found. To combat phage predation, bacteria have evolved numerous immune strategies, so-called anti-phage defense systems. Likewise, phages …
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Recombination and Excision: DNA Repair Proteins in Prokaryotic Host-Virus Conflicts
<p>Bacteriophages, or simply phages, are viruses that infect bacteria. They are the most abundant biological entity on our planet and outnumber bacteria 10:1 in the ocean. In response to this threat, bacteria have evolved a diverse battery of immune systems that prevent infection, which in turn has …
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Investigating Epigenetics as a Mechanism to Regulate Bacterial Heterologous Expression
… DNA methylation in bacteria is involved in phage defense, and it can also affect gene transcription. Epigenetic methylation as part of restriction-modification systems is frequently considered a barrier in synthetic biology since it can prevent the introduction of heterologous genes to new …
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Ancient Immune Systems: Sensing and Signaling in Bacterial-Phage Conflict
… life on Earth. In the microbial world, bacteriophages (phage) are bacterial viruses and drive a continuous evolutionary arms race that has led to an extraordinary diversity of bacterial defense mechanisms [1]. These systems are thought to have provided the evolutionary foundation for numerous …
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Rarely Acquired Type II-A CRISPR-Cas Spacers Mediate Anti-Viral Immunity Through the Targeting of a Non-Canonical PAM Sequence
… that infect prokaryotes, called bacteriophages or phages, are thought to outnumber bacteria by a ratio of 10:1 and provide a constant threat to their hosts. In response, bacteria have evolved numerous defense mechanisms, attacking all major steps of the phage infection and replication …
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Modulation of the CRISPR-Cas9 Immune Response
… face an onslaught of ever-changing viral (phage) invaders. Bacteria and phages are locked into an evolutionary arms race where both must continually adapt to survive. In response, bacteria have developed numerous immune systems to protect themselves, including CRISPR-Cas. CRISPR-Cas systems …
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The role of a toxin-antitoxin system in the arms race between bacteria and phage
… In bacteria, the need to survive predation by phages, or bacterial viruses, has driven the evolution of numerous highly sophisticated anti-phage elements, including restriction modification and CRISPR-Cas systems. These defense mechanisms, in turn, have influenced the emergence of phage …
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Evolution and engineering of protein-protein interactions
… inhibit toxin-antitoxin-mediated bacterial anti-phage defense activity, suggesting their potential use in clinical phage therapy applications. Taken together, these results shed light on the role of protein-protein interactions and their specificity in shaping evolution and suggest the utility of …
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Mechanisms and applications of anti-phage defenses in staphylococci
Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2024-05-01
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Restriction-Modification and CRISPR-Cas Systems: Cooperation Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Prokaryotes
… the constant assault of viruses (called bacteriophages, or simply phages) that can infect and kill them. Restriction-modification (RM) systems represent one such strategy. Generally, these systems provide defense by coordinating the activities of two distinct enzymes: a restriction endonuclease …
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Recovering from Dormancy: Fixation of CSM6-Inducing Spacers in the Bacterial Population
… parasites to survive and reproduce. Bacteriophages (phages) are the viruses that infect bacteria and often outnumber them in most ecological niches. As a result, prokaryotes have evolved a myriad of defense systems to restrict the propagation of phages as well as other parasitic mobile …
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Roles of non-Cas nucleases in Type III-A CRISPR-Cas immunity
Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2025-08-01