Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 892 for “"penalty"”.
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An updating rule for the penalty constant used in the penalty function method for mathematical programming problems
… and cp a q-vector, with q being less than n. The penalty function method is investigated; that is, the vector x is viewed as unconstrained, and the function f(x) is replaced by the penalty function U(x, k) = f(x) + kP(x). Here, the penalty constant k is a positive, scalar quantity, and P(x) = …
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Optimization of steel frames via penalty functions
… to minimize the weight of steel frames using a penalty function technique. The program is developed and several example problems are analyzed. All structures are designed in accordance with the AISC code. One of the problems is also analyzed by the Fully Stressed Design method, and the penalty …
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The Motherhood Penalty: Not so Black and White
… and training opportunities. This “motherhood penalty” occurs, in part, due to stereotyped family role expectations: working mothers are often perceived as the primary caregivers in their families and are assumed to have additional domestic responsibilities compared to fathers or non-parents. …
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Minimizing the continuous maize penalty through intense management
… maize systems due to the continuous maize penalty, a commonly-observed phenomenon in dryland agriculture systems characterized by 10 to 15% yield reductions when maize is grown continuously versus a soybean-maize rotation. Recent studies have indicated that stover accumulation in maize …
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Exterior Penalty Approaches for Solving Linear Programming Problems
In this research effort, we study three exterior penalty function approaches for solving linear programming problems. These methods are an active set l2 penalty approach (ASL2), an inequality-equality based l2 penalty approach (IEL2), and an augmented Lagrangian approach (ALAG). Particular …
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An analysis of the effectiveness of the understatement penalty
With the enactment of the understatement penalty in the Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011, in October 2012, a new era dawned on compliance penalties for the taxpayers of South Africa. It brought about changes to the legislative provisions regulating compliance penalties and introduced behavioural …
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The McDonaldized Death Penalty: Neoliberalism, Governmentality, and American Capital Punishment
… to legitimate and thus sustain the modern death penalty. However, no work attempts to understand capital punishment or its persistence in America in regards to neoliberalism. To address this void in understanding, I conceptualize Ritzer's four tenets of McDonaldization (predictability, …
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Fertility, age, and the motherhood wage penalty in South Africa
… that mothers in South Africa experience a small penalty, but this is not experienced equally for all mothers. Mothers with three or more children experience a greater penalty than mothers with fewer children, while the effects of having young children does not substantially affect the difference …
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Dimensionality Reduction and Feature Selection using a Mixed-norm Penalty Function
… feature selection, such as vector space method, penalty function and support vector machine (SVM) are reviewed and compared. A novel penalty function called the mixed-norm penalty function is proposed. It minimizes the 1-norm of the weight vector while keeping the 2-norm constant. Both …
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the Overt Pronoun Penalty: A Processing Delay In Spanish Anaphora Comprehension
… an effect which they called the Repeated Name Penalty (RNP). The RNP has been demonstrated in English, and it has also been extended to Mandarin Chinese (Yang, Gordon, Hendrick, & Wu, 1999), which is a fully pro drop language. However, it is not clear whether the RNP extends to null subject …
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Managing the continuous corn yield penalty with crop and residue management
… the latter designated the continuous corn yield penalty (CCYP). Due to global food security concerns and corn’s versatility in food products, animal feed, and biofuel/bioenergy feedstocks, production of corn must increase with the projected increasing world population. As a result, yield per area …
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Misguided Instructions: Do Jurors Accurately Understand the Law in Death Penalty Trials?
<p>The Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees individuals’ right to trial by an impartial jury. However, empirical research indicates that the jury system is flawed, especially regarding judicial sentencing instructions. More specifically, jurors frequently misunderstand or …
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