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Showing 1 to 20 of 92 for “"partition coefficient"”.
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Evaluation of different in vitro surrogates to represent nonspecific binding for tissue: plasma water partition coefficient predictions
… accurate prediction of the tissue: plasma water partition coefficients (Kp,m) has become increasingly important. In these predictions, drug-lipid interactions have been traditionally described using the octanol: water partition coefficient (logP) and the vegetable: oil: water partition …
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Study of VOCs Transport and Storage in Porous Media and Assemblies
… given VOC can be characterized by its diffusion coefficient and partition coefficient, respectively, and such data are currently lacking. Besides, environmental conditions are another important factor that affects the VOCs emission. The main purposes of this dissertation are: (1) validate the …
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Extraction of Capsaicin Using the Polyol Induced Extraction (PIE) Method
… -15, -21 oC). Over this temperature range, the partition coefficient values do not vary within experimental error giving average partition coefficient of 1.01 +/- 0.06.</p> <p>Next, the extraction and quantification of capsaicin from hot pepper cultivars began. Capsaicinoids are the group of …
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Ionic Liquids in Micro Extractions and Gas Chromatographic Stationary Phases
… and GC MS for instrumental analysis. The partition coefficient of the aromatic hydrocarbons between the ionic liquid and water were determined by depletion study. The partition coefficient was higher for the aromatic hydrocarbons when 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium …
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Emulsion Polymerization Using Switchable Surfactants
… was determined to be 104 Å2. The monomer-D2O partition coefficient of 2a was determined to be 21 for styrene and 2.2 for MMA. The monomer-D2O partition coefficient of the bicarbonate salt of 2a was determined to be 1.2 for styrene and 0.85 for MMA. An initial assessment of the use of …
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Correlation of Aqueous Solubility and Anti-Cancer Activity of Novel Triazolium and Imidazolium Salts
… carcinomas. Using a microscale technique, the partition coefficient (log P) of each salt was determined. The log P value was explored to determine the bioavailability of each derivative.</p>
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Chemical profiling and environmental modelling of waste from clandestine methylamphetamine laboratories
… and 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol. Environmental partition coefficients were measured experimentally for several of the identified waste components. The octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW) and the organic carbon partition coefficient (KOC) were measured following standard methods. The KOW …
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Mercury transport through a capped sediment
… the overlying water; however, due to the small partition coefficient of mercury between sand and water, a capping material with higher partition coefficient is better for the long-term containment of mercury. In the following study, efforts were made to identify and investigate an active capping …
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Effects of plasma proteins on the sieving of macromolecular tracers in the kidney
… commonly been probed by measuring the sieving coefficients of a variety of tracers, both proteins and exogenous polymers, across the intact glomerular barrier and across isolated components of the GCW. It was found previously that the sieving coefficients of the tracers Ficoll and Ficoll …
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Tunable and High Refractive Index Polydimethylsiloxane Polymers for Label-Free Optical Sensing
… of the analyte and film, as well as the film-air partition coefficient of the analyte. The detection limits for m-xylene and cyclohexane were 81 ppm and 4940 ppm, respectively, using PDMS-titanium-oxo nanocomposites with 5 and 10 mol % Ti, respectively. A simple planar waveguide sensor with an …
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The distribution of different fluorescence dyes in the egg and embryo of the zebrafish (Danio rerio)
… by diverse substituents that differed in their partition coefficient, molecular size and charge. The substances tested were rhodamine b, sulforhodamine b, fluorescein, 2,7-dichlorofluorescein and 5-carboxy-2,7-dichlorofluorescein. The permeability of the chorion was evaluated through the use of …
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Thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrophobic organic compound sorption in natural sorbents and quantification of black carbon by electron microscopy
… data suggested logKoc (organic-carbon normalized partition coefficient) and logKBC (black-carbon normalized partition coefficient) values were fairly constant across different geosorbents (around 4.5-5.7 and 5.6-6.3, respectively), while the non-linearity exponent varied substantially. This may …
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Quantifying melting and chemical differentiation processes on Earth and the Moon
… 1 investigates the timing and trace element partition coefficient conditions under which the Earth could have crystallized a magma ocean that then overturned and remixed to form an Early Enriched Reservoir and a complementary Early Depleted Reservoir consistent with isotopic measurements of …
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Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soil via passive sampling : measuring partition and diffusion coefficients
… parameters for passive sampling: the PE-water partition coefficient (Kpew) and diffusion coefficient in PE (Dpe). These two parameters help passive sampling to transition from a qualitative method to a quantitative method. The report describes the steps used to carry out the experiments, gives …
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Evaluation of a mitochondrial test for the determination of chemical toxicity
… found (r >/- 0.890). The highest correlation coefficient obtained was with the octanol-water partition coefficient. UC50 values were also compared to nine currently existing short-term toxicity tests. High degrees of correlation were obtained with several of these tests, including bacterial …
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MODEL-BASED TESTING AND EVALUATION OF SORPTION MEDIA FOR REMOVING VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN INDOOR AIR
… & diffusion mass transfer model with variable partition coefficient (C&DMT-VP) was proposed to simulate the performance of adsorption-based air cleaning devices under the typical indoor VOC concentrations. The applications of this model were demonstrated, including the determination of the …
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How Atomic Level Interactions Drive Membrane Fusion: Insights From Molecular Dynamics Simulations
… relative affinities.</p> <p>1-octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow) of a solute is a key parameter used in the prediction of a wide variety of complex phenomena such as drug availability and bioaccumulation potential of trace contaminants. Adaptive biasing force method is applied to …
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Sediment-water exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the lower Hudson Estuary
Polyethylene devices (PEDs), which rely on the partitioning of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) between water and polyethylene, were shown to be useful for the measurement of dissolved HOCs like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in natural waters. These PEDs allow for the measurement …
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The interaction between silicate minerals and C-O-H bearing melts in the Earth's mantle
… model are constrained through the mineral melt partition coefficients of both H2O and K2O, which imply melting at near adiabatic temperatures. The H2O concentrations of mineral phases within the peridotite assemblages were also measured using an ion probe and elastic recoil detection analysis. …
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Environmental fate and effects of atrazine, metolachlor, carbaryl and chlorothalonil in lotic ecosystems
… was influenced by compound octanol-water partition coefficient and solubility. Pesticides with higher affinity to water and specific modes of action (atrazine and carbaryl) did not affect sediment microbial nutrient uptake. In contrast, pesticides with higher affinity to sediments and …
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