Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 34 for “"pancreatic β-cell"”.
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Modern control system for artificial pancreatic β cell
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1981.
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The impact of glucotoxicity on pancreatic β-cell function
… glucose levels which negatively influence β-cells and cause impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The aim of present thesis was to investigate the impact of long-term hyperglycemia on the pancreatic islet β-cell function. The data showed abnormally increased expression of …
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Targeted Epigenetic Editing to Increase Adult Pancreatic Β-Cell Proliferation
β-cell replacement therapy is potentially a curative approach in treating diabetes, as demonstrated by the success of pancreatic islet transplantation in type 1 diabetes. However, there are an insufficient number of organ donors to meet the demand of this disease, which is increasing in prevalence. …
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Transglutaminase in the life and death of the pancreatic β-cell
… TG2 protein has been reported in numerous intracellular mechanisms, cell-surface associations, and extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. In the pancreas, the expression of TG may be fundamental to the insulin-secretion function of β-cells, and associated diabetic disorders. The functional …
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The Parotid Salivary Glands. I. Potential Role of a Parotid Factor Modulating Pancreatic β-Cell Function. II. An Immunohistological Study to Identify Parotid Hormone Secreting Cell(s)
… of salivary glands in the regulation of β-cell function in response to an acute intra-arterial glucose challenge in parotidectomized, submandibulariectomized and totally sialoadenectomized animals. Fifteen days post-parotidectomy or total sialoadenectomy, the β-cell response, at 2 minutes …
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Role of PARK2Gene in Maintenance of Pancreatic Beta Cell Functions
… a close relationship between the PARK2 gene and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction-related T2D. In order to prove this finding experimentally, I first investigated whether the PARK2 gene is expressed in the pancreatic tissues. Gene expression profiling of the Park2 gene in rats showed its predominant …
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Mitochondrial Involvement in Pancreatic Beta Cell Glucolipotoxicity
… free fatty acid (NEFA) levels can cause pancreatic β-cell failure. The molecular mechanisms of this β-cell glucolipotoxicity are yet to be established conclusively. In this thesis by exploring mitochondrial energy metabolism in INS-1E insulinoma cells and isolated pancreatic islets, a …
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Effects of hypothyroidism on pancreatic islet development and tissue insulin signalling pathways in the ovine fetus
… hormone deficiency were mediated by changes in pancreatic islet development and insulin signalling in fetal tissues. In nineteen twin-bearing pregnant ewes at 105-110 days of gestation (dGA; term~145dGA) and under general anaesthesia, one fetus was thyroidectomised, while the other was …
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The non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway as a novel player in beta cell dysfunction in diabetes
Loss of pancreatic β cell mass and function is a feature of both type-1 and type-2 diabetes. The non-canonical NF-κB pathway has recently garnered attention at being involved in the development of peripheral insulin resistance (liver, muscle) in diabetes. Whether pancreatic β cell non-canonical …
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Identification of a Dual-Action Small Molecule with Potent Anti-diabetic and Anti-obesity Activity
… diseases, caused by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. While over thirty medications were approved to treat T2D in the United States, less than one in four patients treated with anti-diabetic drugs achieved the glycemic target. Thus, identifying more effective …
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TEMPOL and Insulin Resistance: A study of the underlying mechanisms behind changes in glucose metabolism, lipid accumulation and cellular stress
… mice. In vitro studies delineated underlying cellular mechanisms showing TEMPOL protected against lipotoxicity-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, hyperlipidaemia, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and insulin secretion. In summary, TEMPOL was shown to attenuate oxidative …
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TMEM27: A Cleaved and Shed Plasma Membrane Protein That Stimulates Pancreatic Beta Cell Proliferation
… the replication of terminally differentiated β cells are unclear. In this thesis I report the identification of a gene encoding transmembrane protein 27 (TMEM27) in pancreatic β cells. Expression of Tmem27 is reduced in Tcf1-/- mice, which exhibit defects in proliferation, and is increased in …
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Small Molecules as Amyloid Inhibitors: Molecular Dynamic Simulations with Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP)
… toxic oligomers and amyloid fibrils that reduce pancreatic β-cell mass and exacerbate the T2D disease state. Toxic oligomer formation is attributed, in part, to the formation of inter-peptide β-strands comprised of residues 23-27 (FGAIL). Flavonoids, a class of polyphenolic natural products, have …
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Development of orthogonally crosslinked thiol-ene hydrogels for encapsulation of pancreatic beta-cells
… an autoimmune disease caused by auto-reactive T-cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. Effective encapsulation strategies can protect the transplanted islets from direct attack by host immune cells while maintaining insulin secretion. To achieve this goal, I have developed a …
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Mechanism of Chimeric Vaccine Mediated Immune Suppression of Human Dendritic Cells
… disease in which insulin producing β-cells of the pancreatic islets are killed by autoreactive cells of the immune system in response to a loss of tolerance. Dendritic cells (DC) interact predominantly with naïve T cells to regulate the delicate balance between immunity and tolerance …
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Evaluating Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Pancreatic β-Cells
… however, estrogen receptor signaling in the β-cell is less understood. Conflicting data have arisen that demonstrate estrogen receptor signaling in the β-cell has either no effect, a protective effect against induced stress, or deleterious effects after long term activation of signaling. The …
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The effects of the adipocyte-secreted proteins resistin and visfatin on the pancreatic beta-cell
… been previously suggested as having roles in the pancreatic islet. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the regulatory role of the adipokines resistin and visfatin in the pancreatic beta-cell. In order to do this, pancreatic β-cell lines from rat (BRIN-BD11) and mouse (βTC-6) were …
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β-cell dysfunction in Huntington's disease
… of neurons and the insulin secreting pancreatic β-cell, pathological mechanisms may be shared by both cell types and account for neuronal as well as endocrine dysfunction. Hence, finding the mechanisms behind β-cell dysfunction in HD could identify potential therapeutic targets for the …
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Molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of beta-cell viability by Signal Regulatory Protein-Alpha (SIRPα)
… 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterised by pancreatic β-cell demise, resulting in a requirement for permanent insulin therapy. Pro-inflammatory cytokine pathways, acting via STAT1 and STAT2, contribute to β-cell death whereas anti-inflammatory mechanisms (operating via cytokines such as …
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Excessive iron accumulation mediated oxidative stress and β-cell dysfunction via perturbations of insulin secretion in MIN6 cells
… of T2DM. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated cellular oxidative damage has been implicated in cellular dysfunction in various organs and disease states. Exposure to high level of glucose during hyperglycaemia has been co-related to ROS generation and oxidative stress in β-cells. In the initial …
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