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Showing 1 to 20 of 46 for “"palmitoylation"”.
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Palmitoylation and the yeast casein kinase yck2
<p>Palmitoylation is a post-translational lipid modification that allows proteins to interact with membranes. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the casein kinase Yck2 is palmitoylated twice at its two C-terminal palmitoyl-accepting cysteine residues, by the palmitoyl-transferring enzyme Akr1. …
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Chemical Tools for Exploring IFITM3 S-Palmitoylation and Mechanism
<p>Protein S-palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational lipid modification that regulates the trafficking, stability, and activity of proteins in eukaryotes. The detection of fatty-acylated proteins has been challenging but recent advances in chemical labeling methods have enabled more …
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Search For The Functions That Mediate Protein Palmitoylation And Depalmitoylation
<p>Protein palmitoylation is a critical regulator of protein location, function and activity in the cell. While it has been known for some time that proteins can have cycles of palmitoylation and depalmitoylation throughout their lifetime, a thioesterase responsible for mediating the bulk of these …
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Palmitoylation and Glutathionylation of Key Sarcolemmal Signalling Proteins in Cardiac Muscle
… of a 16-carbon fatty acid palmitate known as palmitoylation and the addition of the tripeptide glutathione, known as glutathionylation. Palmitoylation can regulate many processes such as intracellular membrane targeting and membrane interactions. Glutathione acts as a redox buffer and …
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Dhhc5 Regulates Beta-Adrenergic Signaling In The Heart Through Palmitoylation of G Alpha Proteins
<p>S-palmitoylation is a reversible posttranslational modification that plays an important role in regulating protein localization, trafficking, and stability. Recent studies have shown that some proteins undergo extremely rapid palmitoylation/depalmitoylation cycles after cellular stimulation …
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DHHC PROTEIN ACYLTRANSFERASES CATALYZES THE LYSINE PALMITOYLATION OF MEMBERS OF THE RAS SUPERFAMILY OF SMALL GTPASES
… to the side chain of an amino acid. Cysteine palmitoylation or S-palmitoylation is best understood and widespread post-translational modification in this class, followed closely by N-terminal glycine myristoylation and lastly by O-serine fatty acylation. In recent years, a previously …
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Identification of novel palmitoyl acyl transferases and characterization of the role of Huntingtin palmitoylation in Huntington Disease
… in reduced association with HIP14 and decreased palmitoylation of huntingtin, which contributes to the formation of inclusion bodies and enhanced neuronal toxicity. By manipulating HIP14 levels through expression or knockdown, we can manipulate the number of huntingtin inclusion bodies and …
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Palmitoylation and Oxidation of the Cysteine Rich Region of SNAP-25 and their Effects on Protein Interactions
… domain. The cysteines may be modified by palmitoylation or oxidation but the role of these modifications in vivo is not well understood. Our goal is to elucidate possible regulatory roles of SNAP-25 that relate to its unique structure and these reversible modifications. However, the study …
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Develoment and Application of Chemical Strategies to Study Protein Fatty-Acylation in Eukaryotes
<p>Reversible S-palmitoylation confers spatiotemporal control of protein function by modulating protein stability, trafficking and activity as well as protein-protein and membrane-protein associations. While it is evident that palmitoylation is regulated in vivo, mechanisms that mediate cellular …
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The effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms and metabolic substrates on the cellular distribution of mammalian BK channels.
… to modulate channel cellular distribution via palmitoylation, a reversible process shown to increase protein association with the cell membrane. The SNPs alter the predicted palmitoylation status of C56, one of the cysteine residues located in the S0-S1 linker. The cellular distribution of BK …
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Characterisation of the cell-surface localised palmitoyl acyl transferase, DHHC5
S-Palmitoylation is the reversible addition of 16-carbon fatty acids onto cysteine residues of proteins. The functional consequences of palmitoylation are diverse and it has been demonstrated to play a critical role in several physiological and disease pathways. DHHC palmitoyl acyl transferase …
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The role of C-terminal cysteines in regulating human proteinase-activated receptor-1 function
… so far in this group—PAR1, PAR2, PAR3 and PAR4. Palmitoylation is the reversible covalent attachment of fatty acids to the cysteine residues of some GPCRs via a thioester linkage; resulting in a fourth intracellular loop. Although recent evidence has suggested that palmitoylation can have a …
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A Structure-Activity Relationship Study with Isoquinolinone Compounds and Stromal Antigen 2 Mutant Ewing’s Sarcoma Cells and Synthesis of Small Molecules for Anticancer Activity Through TEAD Palmitoylation Inhibition
… the TEAD protein is prohibited from undergoing palmitoylation, in which cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis is prevented. Two small hydrophobic structures were discovered through virtual ligand screening by our collaborators. Two initial synthetic routes were completed to initiate efficient …
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Cellular mechanisms involved in Wnt8 distribution and function in zebrafish neurectoderm patterning
… filopodial release requires posttranslational palmitoylation. Although palmitoylation-defective Wnt8 retains auto- and juxtacrine signaling activity, it fails to signal over a long-range. Additionally, this Wnt8 palmitoylation is necessary for regulation of its neural plate target genes. These …
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Regulation of filopodia dynamics is critical for proper synapse formation
… inducing motifs) require on-going protein palmitoylation and are modulated by a specific GTPase, Cdc42, that regulates actin dynamics. We also show that their function is palmitoylation dependent and is dynamically regulated by reversible protein palmitoylation. Significantly, our work …
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Microscopic characterization of a putative ER-membrane targeted Puf RNA-binding protein in Arabidopsis thaliana
… that this membrane anchorage is facilitated by a palmitoylation, a post-translational modification that attaches a palmitate to a cysteine residue in the protein to increase membrane-protein interactions. Also, it is proposed that the cytoskeleton plays an important role in the localization of …
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Post-translational modifications regulate β2-Adrenoceptor signaling in cardiac myocytes
… ubiquitination (lysines 348, 372 and 375) and palmitoylation (cysteine 341). However, the physiological role of these modifications on β2AR signaling regulation in the heart remains unclear. This study provides new insight into the role of three post-translational modifications on β2AR …
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The role of intracellular and extracellular cysteines in regulating human proteinase-activated receptor-2 (hPAR2) function
… with thrombin.The role of the putative palmitoylation site (C361) in regulating hPAR2 function was explored. We demonstrated, using autoradiography, that C361 is the primary palmitoylation site of hPAR2. hPAR2C361A displayed greater cell surface expression compared to wt-hPAR2. The …
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Mechanisms Of Cytokine-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction Of The Pancreatic Beta-Cell
… 2-Bromopalmitate, a classic inhibitor of protein palmitoylation, markedly attenuated cytokine-induced Rac1 activation, NOX2-mediated reactive oxygen species generation and inducible nitric oxide synthase-mediated nitric oxide release indicating that palmitoylation of specific G-proteins [e.g., …
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