Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 33 for “"membrane tension"”.
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Ion flow and membrane tension studies with optical tweezers and nanopipettes
… driven flows, the mechanical behaviour of cell membranes, and the electrical activity from various cells. Voltage driven, or electroosmotic, flow was quantified by measuring the piconewton forces of the flow field outside nanopipettes in diff erent salt conditions using optical tweezers. …
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Calcium, actin and the spectrin skeleton: Responses to swelling and shrinking perturbations.
… was postulated that cells regulate their surface membrane in response to membrane tension gradients. Increases in membrane tension, brought about by swelling, should therefore elicit addition of membrane to the cell surface, whereas decreases in membrane tension, brought about by shrinking, should …
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Molecular Dynamics Studies of the *Gating Mechanism of a Mechanosensitive Channel
Mechanosensitive channels are integral membrane proteins that gate in response to tension in the membrane. One such channel, MscL, poses an especially interesting challenge to modelers both because the channel is activated by membrane tension alone, and because the transition to the open state …
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Substrate stiffness tunes the neuronal response to the chemical guidance cue semaphorin3A
… cyclic nucleotides, calcium, and resting membrane potentials, on the stiffness of the neuronal environment. CGMP levels were elevated, calcium flickers more dynamic, and resting membrane potential more depolarized in neurons grown on soft, as compared to stiff, substrates. Given what is …
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Design of marine vessels for improved damage tolerance
… beams in plastic bending and plastic membrane tension. Optimization parameters included both the number and dimensions of the transverse web frames and longitudinal beams. The technique was applied to the redesign of a large oil tanker. Minimizing the weight with a constraint on the …
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Traps, Tensions and Transmissions: The Unionisation of Resistance Movements against External Destabilising Forces; Design, Development and Deployment of Holographic System for Active Surveillance and Targeted Manipulation
… cell shape regulation and the role of effective membrane tension in unionising actomyosin movement to resist external deformational and destabilising forces. We demonstrate that simultaneously trapping and unfolding the cell membrane, quantitatively imaging actin network dynamics and measuring …
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Molecular mechanisms of gating and selectivity in transport channels
… across the otherwise-impermeable biological membrane. As a conduit for the passage of material, specific membrane channels must accomplish the task of selective transport of molecules, while preventing unnecessary loss of other cellular material. The nuclear pore complex (NPC), and the …
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On the Rheology of Soft Cellular Materials, An Experimental Investigation of the Microstructure and Rheology of a Novel Tissue-Mimic Material
… development, in which cellular adhesion and membrane tension have emerged as key determinants of the mechanical properties of tissues, this thesis is a study of the rheology of a synthetic tissue-mimic material made from functionalised giant unilamellar lipid vesicles, in which inter-particle …
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Nonlinear vibration analysis of inflatable dams
… people have done studies on the shape and membrane tension of these structures; however, only a few authors have considered dynamic behavior. Due to the nature of the applications and the material composition of these structures, a study considering the dynamic response of an inflatable dam …
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Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Adhesion
… the relative mobility of cells A and B and membrane tension exerts a force on the Ig12(A)/Ig12(B) complex. Here we investigate the response of the complex to force, using steered molecular dynamics. Starting from the structure of the complex from the Ig1-Ig2-Ig3 fragment, we first …
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Development of a flexible image-based approach for studying signal transduction in isolated arterioles
Myogenic constriction in arterioles occurs when membrane tension leads to smooth muscle depolarization and voltage-gated calcium channel activation. A barrier to understanding the exact signaling events is the limited ability of glass electrodes to follow temporal changes in membrane potential …
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Confocal and electron microscopy investigations of the plant endoplasmic reticulum–nuclear envelope interface and meristematic cell divisions
… LNP1 and RTN6 also modulate the outer nuclear membrane tension through changing perinuclear ER (Pn-ER) structure. This influences NE integrity, nuclear pore development and transport efficiency. Using confocal and electron microscopy, this altered NE tension is established to enhance plant cell …
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Composite Diaphragm Inflation: A Method for Probing the Rheological Functions of Cell -Cell Anchoring Junctions and Cytoskeletal Networks Within a Living Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocyte Sheet
… polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer membranes, 5.0 mm in diameter and 10.0 mum thick. NHEK-PDMS composite diaphragm (CD) specimens were then subjected to a series of quasi-static axisymmetric inflation tests to examine the stress response of the epithelial sheet at physiologically …
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Development of a punching technique for ductile fracture testing over a wide range of stress states and strain rates
… is clamped into a circular die and loaded in membrane tension through out-of-plane punching. The state of stress is changed from equi-biaxial to approximately uniaxial through the introduction of cutouts in the sides the membrane specimen.
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Using biophysical tools to explore the erythrocyte preferences of the zoonotic malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi
… spectroscopy was used to assess plasma membrane fluctuations, and measure the bending modulus and membrane tension in human and macaque red blood cells. Optical tweezers were then used to measure the stiffness of human normocytes, reticulocytes, and macaque RBCs. It was found that …
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Materials and biological approach to gene delivery in human embryonic stem cells
… cells (hESCs). The PEG-b-PVBLG-8 contained a membrane-disruptive, cationic, helical polypeptide block (PVBLG-8) for complexing with DNA and a hydrophilic PEG block to improve the biocompatibility of the gene delivery vehicle. PEG-b-PVBLG-8 diblock polymers with a high degree of polymerization …
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Optimization of Harmonically Deforming Thin Airfoils and Membrane Wings for Optimum Thrust and Efficiency
… of harmonically deforming thin airfoils and membrane wings. A frequency domain unsteady aerodynamic theory for deformable thin airfoils, with Chebychev polynomials as the basis functions is presented. Stroke-averaged thrust and thrust efficiency expressions are presented in a quadratic matrix …
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Life Under Tension: Computational Studies of Proteins Involved in Mechanotransduction
… channel of small conductance MscS. This membrane channel has been proposed to act as a safety valve during osmotic shock, facilitating the release of ions and small solutes upon increase in membrane tension, thereby preventing bacterial cells from bursting. The second set of proteins …
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Phase separation in giant vesicles
… the vesicles to hypertonic solutions. The excess membrane area, produced by dehydration, can either form tubular structures (also known as tethers) or be utilized to perform morphological changes of the vesicle, depending on the interfacial tension between the coexisting phases and those between …
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Mechanisms of ion channel activation in primary cultured and clonal cell lines
The effects of hypotonic shock upon membrane C1 permeability of ROS 17/2.8 osteoblast-like cells was investigated using the patch-clamp technique. Hypotonic shock produced cell swelling that was accompanied by large amplitude, outwardly rectifying, currents that were active across the entire …
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