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Showing 1 to 20 of 25 for “"liquid water content"”.
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Vertical motions in orographic clouds over the Payette River Basin and their impact on cloud liquid water content: Results from SNOWIE
Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2023-12-04 without embargo terms
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Measurement of snowpack properties using active FM-CW microwave systems
… system, in a research mode, to remotely sense water equivalence and liquid water content of snowpacks. A three-component "electrical path length" dielectric mixture model is described which accounts for the microwave system response as a function of operating frequency, snow density and depth …
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Cloud drop effective radius for trade wind cumuli observed during RICO by aircraft and MODIS
… structure of the cloud drop effective radius and liquid water content of these trade-wind cumuli are also investigated from the FSSP-100 and 2D-C cloud probes aboard the C-130 aircraft flown during RICO. The constructed profiles show a general increase in cloud drop effective radius with …
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Millimeter Through Visible Frequency Waves Through Aerosols: Particle Modeling, Reflectivity and Attenuation
… between the reflectivity factor and the liquid water content. The knowledge of one parameter appears to be enough for defining the model and subsequently predicting reflectivity and attenuation. Attenuation and reflection in haze are found to be insignificant for millimeter wavelengths …
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Transient Model of Heat,Mass,and Charge transfer as well as Electrochemistry in the Cathode Catalyst Layer of a PEMFC
… the polymer agglomerates, and the oxygen and water transport within the pores as well as the membrane material of the catalyst layer. Due to the lower porosity of this region and the higher liquid water content, the catalyst layer can be current limiting in the fuel cell. Furthermore, since …
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Development of a Water Cloud Radiance Model for Use in Training an Artificial Neural Network to Recover Cloud Properties from Sun Photometer Observations
… the cloud depth, the mean size of the cloud water particles, and the cloud liquid water content. The cloud radiance model derived here is capable of considering the wavelength of the incident sunlight and the cloud lateral dimensions as parameters; however, here we consider only one …
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Observations of aerosol-cloud interactions with varying vertical separation between biomass-burning aerosols and stratocumulus clouds over the South-East Atlantic
… the separated regime. In addition, the median liquid water content (LWC) near cloud base was 0.06 g m-3 lower while similar LWC was sampled within cloud and near cloud top the LWC was 0.08 g m-3 higher. Inhomogeneous mixing near cloud top led to a decrease in the total number concentration and …
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A numerical modeling investigation of entrainment in cumulus congestus clouds and its effects upon precipitation
… cannot predict the erosion rate of the high liquid water content cores. A novel analysis of sampling entrained and detrained air within each successive thermal demonstrates how humid, positively buoyant air was preferentially entrained by later thermals that rose in the wakes of their …
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Photon Path Lengths Distributions for Cloudy Skies : Their first and second-order moments inferred from high resolution oxygen A-Band spectroscopy
… other cloud parameters like optical thickness, liquid water content and geometrical cloud extension makes it possible to experimentally prove a new theory of photon diffusion of cloudy sky for the first time. The presented observations provide (further) evidence for the anomalous diffusion …
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Numerical modeling of the early stage of cloud formation in a simulation chamber
… are given for the growth by condensation of water vapor on a population of hygroscopic nuclei in a volume being cooled by expansion. The equations are integrated simultaneously, using Hamming's modified predictor-corrector method for given initial conditions, to obtain the droplet size …
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Microphysical Mechanisms in Stratiform Precipitation as Observed in OLYMPEX
… particle type, ice particle concentrations, and liquid water content (LWC). However, the dual-polarization radar and in-situ aircraft data indicated certain differences from the generally accepted model. Aircraft particle sampling showed large- and medium-sized ice particles within a secondary …
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A physical model to estimate snowfall over land using microwave measurements
… at frequencies nu < 37 GHz, sensitivity to liquid hydrometeors is dominant. These problems are mitigated at high frequencies (nu > 100 GHz) where water vapor screens the surface emission, and sensitivity to frozen hydrometeors is significant. However, the scattering effect of snowfall in the …
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Biochar as a soil amendment to enhance petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in northern landfarms
… location and year. Certain biochars increased liquid water content (θliquid), soil temperature, and pH, but this was dependent on factors such as incubation temperature, biochar feedstock, and application method. A combination of increased aromatic (C2,3O and nahAc) functional gene abundance …
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Quantifying entrainment and dilution in numerical simulations of developing thunderstorms
… to dilute the cloud, i.e., reduce the cloud liquid water content, buoyancy, and updraft velocity. In cumuli, entrainment results from overturning thermal circulations near cloud top. Past observational and numerical modeling studies have shown that in environments with significant vertical …
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Continental outflow of polluted air from the US to the North Atlantic and mercury chemical cycling in various atmospheric environments
… decreased amount of Hg° was facilitated by water solubility of Hg° and uptake into the liquid water content of aerosols. Moreover, the sensitivity experiments with dry deposition added indicated that the ambient PHg level was strongly influenced by this process.</p>
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Identifying Synoptic Controls on Boundary Layer Thermodynamic and Cloud Properties Using a Regional Forecast Model
… accompanied by overly shallow clouds with low liquid water content, relative to observations. The cold frontal region exhibits convection associated with weak stability and ascent. Northwest of the cold front, the boundary layer is well-mixed, deeper, and capped by a strong inversion maintained …
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The calculation of cloud parameters from AVHRR data
… height and temperature, cloud depth and column liquid water content. The method is used to observe the development of orographic cloud formed over the southern half of the North Island of New Zealand. The inversion results for this type of cloud are in agreement with aircraft measurements …
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Simulations of droplet dispersion in the wakes of cylinders and icing tunnel spray bars
… where it is important to obtain a nearly uniform liquid water content (LWC) distribution in the test section (to recreate atmospheric icing conditions).. For this goal, droplets are diffused by the mean and turbulent flow generated from the nozzle air jets, from the upstream spray bars, and from …
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Assessing impact of the sulfate aerosol first indirect effect on tropical cyclone activity
… while the radius is determined from cloud liquid water content and number concentration moments, and the optical depth scheme is embedded in the original single-column model. The model is run with both the IGAC/SPARC Chemistry Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) historical simulations of …
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Investigating the impacts of entrainment on nucleation scavenging of black carbon particles through particle-resolved simulations
… droplet number concentration (CDNC) and the liquid water content (LWC) according to the amount of entrainment. In Case 2, the CDNC and LWC followed the same pattern as Case 1 when using T2 profiles, while the CDNC was higher than the no entrainment case for the scenarios with T1 profiles. The …
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