Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 18 of 18 for “"lipoarabinomannan"”.
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Retrospective review of urinary lipoarabinomannan (ULAM) in the diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis (TB) in medical inpatients at a district level hospital in Cape Town
… with MTB and HIV co-infection. In 2016 Urinary Lipoarabinomannan (ULAM) became available in SA to expedite the diagnosis and treatment of Tuberculosis (TB) in this vulnerable population. Objectives To describe the experience at a district level hospital following the availability of ULAM testing …
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An evidence-based algorithm for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV positive patients presenting to emergency centres
… and near-patient diagnostic tests (e.g. urine lipoarabinomannan and point-of-care ultrasound) are increasingly being used and would benefit patients presenting to emergency centres by rapidly diagnosing HIV-associated tuberculosis. Methods Two studies were done: i) A systematic (Cochrane) …
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Early morning urine collection to improve the sensitivity of LAM in hospitalised TB/HIV co-infected patients
Point-of-care detection of urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a low-cost rapid TB diagnostic for use in HIV co-infected patients. However, its sensitivity in these patients is suboptimal. Strategies to improve its performance is a need. The hypothesis was that early morning urine (EMU), rather than …
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Synthesis of Novel Antimycobacterials and a Fluorescent Sensor for Simple Carbohydrates
… tetrasaccharide from the mannan core of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been synthesized using α-D-methylmannopyranoside as starting material and Koeings-Knorr reactions to couple saccharides. The synthesis was completed in nine steps and in 14% total yield. This …
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A systematic review: the role of neuroinflammation as a pathway to injury in traumatic brain injury
… biomarkers of tuberculosis dissemination (urine lipoarabinomannan, TB blood culture and urine Xpert); valid chest x-ray; or who were lost to follow up. Results: Amongst 364 included participants, 73 (20%) died and 291 (80%) survived. Median age was 36 years and median CD4 count 57cells/mm3. 25% …
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Chemical tools to probe carbohydrate recognition and glycoconjugate biosynthesis
… activities involved in the biosynthesis of lipoarabinomannan in Mycobacterium smegmatis and galactosyltransferase activities involved in the decoration of GPI anchor in Trypanosoma brucei. Further application of this methodology allowed detection and characterisation of mannosyltransferase …
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Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cell wall glycosyltransferases in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
… of cell wall components such as lipomannan (LM), lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and arabinogalactan (AG). In this study, we have analysed several uncharacterised open reading frames, which encode for putative glycosyltransferases from M. tuberculosis and deleted their respective orthologues in C. …
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Improving point-of-care diagnosis of tuberculosis: development and evaluation of novel technologies
… namely a chemiresistive "TB breath-analyser"; a lipoarabinomannan (LAM) urine dipstick, and an adaptation of the Xpert®MTB/RIF assay for use on blood. Lastly, there is a modification of the sputum collection device (SCD) to enable specimen processing without the requirement of a biosafety …
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Molecular and biochemical characterisation of novel glycosyltransferases in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
… of the important immunomodulatory molecule lipoarabinomannan (LAM), through inhibition of Mt-EmbC. A bioinformatics approach identified putative integral membrane proteins in Mycobacterium smegmatis, M. tuberculosis and the closely related species Corynebacterium glutamicum, with features …
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Isolation and characterisation of novel DNA aptamers against Mycobacterium tuberculosis biomarkers: new tools for tuberculosis diagnostics
… urine to detect two M. tuberculosis biomarkers: lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and early secreted antigen-6 kDa (ESAT-6). Concentrating urine improved the detection of LAM in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative patients and patients with a CD4 count > 200 cells/µl. ESAT-6 was not detected by …
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Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker responses in HIV and tuberculosis co-infected patients
… patients. Study 3 was leveraged to study urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) as a diagnostic adjunct in smear-negative HIV-infected patients treated for TB. Methods: Blood was collected from participants with HIV-infection only and TB-HIV coinfection for NAT2 polymorphisms at baseline, and for QFT-GIT …
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Testemunha da tuberculose : antígeno liparabinomannan
… da parede celular da micobactéria, denominado LIPOARABINOMANNAN (LAM), proveniente de Cambridge, MA, USA da Companhia Dyna-Gen. O objetivo principal do estudo foi a detecção de anticorpos IgG anti-LAM em casos de tuberculose pulmonar, extrapulmonar e formas combinadas da doença. A casuística …
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The clinical relevance of structural modifications in the cell envelope glycans of Mycobacterium abscessus
… in the cell envelope, arabinogalactan (AG) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). The mycobacterial cell envelope is a notorious barrier that protects mycobacteria and enables mycobacterial survival in harsh environments, and it is also the primary interface by which mycobacteria interact with its …
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Development and evaluation of new leprosy skin test antigens as diagnostic tools
… antigens devoid of lipoglycans, primarily lipoarabinomannan (LAM)], MLCwA (M. leprae cell wall associated antigens), and MLMA-LAM (M. leprae membrane antigens devoid of lipoglycans, primarily LAM). Two of these antigens, MLSA-LAM and MLCwA, were developed for manufacturing and testing for …
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Characterisation of dysregulated proteins in macrophages infected with Mycobacterium smegmatis focusing on matrix metalloproteases and their effectors
… In addition to that, the hosts’ response to lipoarabinomannan H37Rv (LAM) treatment was assessed by discovery proteomics and zymography. There was an increase in gelatinase activity of secreted MMP-9 which was maintained between the 1 and 18-hour time points. The fold difference in activity …
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Modelling the South African tuberculosis epidemic: the effect of HIV, sex differences, and the impact of interventions
… tests such as digital chest x-rays, urine Lipoarabinomannan, and biomarkers to identify individuals at risk of TB disease. Accelerating progress toward TB incidence and mortality reductions will require developing affordable and efficient rapid diagnostic tools to identify potential and …
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Newer and novel sputum versus non-sputum-based tools for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis in different patient sub-populations
… strategy incorporating sputum and LAM (lipoarabinomannan) for the detection of TB (chapter 1). 2) Smear-negative TB: Independent confirmation on the performance of the more sensitive Xpert Ultra (Cepheid MTB/RIF Ultra) in sputum archived samples (chapter 2). 3) Community-based minimally …
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The evaluation of different strategies to improve the diagnosis of tuberculosis in people living with HIV in resource-limited settings
… screen is positive, receive urine lateral-flow lipoarabinomannan (LF-LAM) confirmatory testing with AlereLAM. We aimed: i. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the W4SS and alternative screening tools and strategies in ambulatory PLHIV, including key subgroups, and to compare the diagnostic …