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Showing 1 to 15 of 15 for “"lead in water"”.
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Lead (Pb) Contamination of Potable Water: Public Health Impacts, Galvanic Corrosion and Quantification Considerations
The issue of lead exposure through drinking water was re-examined in light of modern public health goals, recent high-profile cases of elevated lead in water, and emerging concerns regarding the efficacy of legally mandated remedial strategies. A critical literature review revealed that serious …
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Evaluation of Zinc Orthophosphate to Control Lead Solder Corrosion in Waters With High Chloride to Sulfate Mass Ratio
Chloride levels are increasing in some water supplies around the country due to use of road salts and seawater intrusion, which can increase the chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio (CSMR) and trigger serious water lead contamination from galvanic lead solder: copper pipe corrosion. Previous attempts to …
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Effect of Installation Practices on Galvanic Corrosion in Service Lines, Low Flow Rate Sampling for Detecting Water-Lead Hazards, and Trace Metals on Drinking Water Pipeline Corrosion: Lessons in Unintended Consequences
Corrosion of drinking water distribution systems can cost water utilities and homeowners tens of billions of dollars each year in infrastructure damage, adversely impacting public health and causing water loss through leaks. Often, seemingly innocuous choices made by utilities, plumbers, and …
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Characterizing Waterborne Lead in Private Water Systems
Lead is a common additive in plumbing components despite its known adverse health effects. Recent research has attributed cases of elevated blood lead levels in children and even fetal death with the consumption of drinking water containing high levels of lead. Although the federal Environmental …
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Radioactive lead studies in the human
The differing susceptibility of individuals to the toxic effects of chronic lead exposure has never been fully understood. As the major intake of lead in the human is from food and beverages, any variation between individuals of the quantity of lead absorbed from the gut, and of the distribution …
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Addressing and Assessing Lead Threats in Drinking Water: Non-Leaded Brass, Product Testing, Particulate Lead Occurrence and Effects of the Chloride to Sulfate Mass Ratio on Corrosion
Growing concern over adverse health effects from low level lead exposure motivated reassessment of lead occurrence in drinking water, from the perspective of 1) possibly eliminating lead from new brass materials, and 2) performance testing of existing products. During the course of this thesis …
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Abandoned Mine Land Impacts on Tributaries in the Upper Yakima River Watershed, Eastern Cascades, Washington
Effluent from abandoned mine lands (AMLs) in several drainages in Washington’s Eastern Cascades flows into the Yakima River. Similar sites in Idaho and Colorado are known producers of heavy metals and acid mine drainage. I determined the effects of nine AMLs on water quality in four tributaries to …
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Practical Impacts of Galvanic Corrosion in Water Service Lines and Premise Plumbing
There is emerging concern about the potential for elevated lead in water after water utilities conduct EPA mandated (or voluntary) partial replacements of existing lead service lines. Connections between dissimilar metals results in the accelerated corrosion of the less noble metal via galvanic …
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Addressing gaps in the US EPA Lead and Copper Rule: Developing guidance and improving citizen science tools to mitigate corrosion in public water systems and premise plumbing
Lead and copper in drinking water are known to pose aesthetic and health concerns for humans and pets. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) set 90th percentile action levels for lead (15 ppb) and copper (1.3 mg/L), above which utilities must …
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Lead and Copper Contamination in Potable Water: Impacts of Redox Gradients, Water Age, Water Main Pipe Materials and Temperature
Potable water can become contaminated with lead and copper due to the corrosion of pipes, faucets, and fixtures. The US Environmental Protection Agency Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) is intended to target sampling at high-risk sites to help protect public health by minimizing lead and copper levels in …
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Environmental lead exposure among inner-city Cape Town children : a study of associated risk factors
Risk factors for lead exposure among children in South Africa have not been well documented. This study elucidated important factors which co-vary with lead in increasing children's risk of exposure. Two study designs were used. First, a cross-sectional analytical study involving first grade school …
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Role of Chloride in Galvanized Iron Plumbing Corrosion and the Use of Fingerprinting Methods to Identify Water Lead Sources
In many source waters across the United States (US), chloride levels are increasing and this change could be problematic for galvanized iron pipe (GIP) installed in consumers' homes and buildings. The higher levels of chloride might increase the rate of galvanic corrosion between the sacrificial …
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Nitrification in premise plumbing and its effect on corrosion and water quality degradation
Nitrification is increasingly of concern in US potable water systems, due to changes from chlorine to chloramine as a secondary disinfectant in order to comply with new regulations for disinfectant by-products. The ammonia that is released from the chloramine decay supports nitrification. A …
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Understanding Mechanisms of Water Lead Contamination by Nitrate Spallation Corrosion and Lead Removal by Point-of-Use (POU) Filters
Lead enters drinking water by a process of corrosion, dissolution or particle detachment from lead bearing plumbing materials. Preventing contamination of water from lead-tin solder corrosion and achieving effective removal of particulate lead by point-of-use (POU) filters are important public …
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Practical Application of NSF/ANSI 53 Lead Certified Filters: Investigating Lead Removal, Clogging and Consumer Experience
NSF/ANSI 53 lead-certified point-of-use filters (POUs) have been distributed to consumers in many cities facing water lead crises, including Washington D.C., Flint, MI, Newark, NJ, and University Park, IL. It is expected that these filters would reduce water lead to levels that are safe for …