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Showing 1 to 20 of 77 for “"kinetochore"”.
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Investigating the Role of Inner Kinetochore Higher-Order Assembly in Kinetochore Function
… the cell builds protein complexes called “kinetochores” on regions of the chromosomes known as “centromeres.” The inner kinetochore resides on chromosomal DNA throughout the cell cycle. As mitosis approaches, post-translational modifications trigger recruitment of the outer kinetochore, …
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Role of Ame1, a central component of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinetochore, in kinetochore function and structure
SUMMARY The present work provides an analysis of kinetochore function and structure with respect to Ame1, a central component of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinetochore. Applying mutant analyses (ame1-2) and biochemical binding assays the following results were obtained: 1. Classical …
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Molecular mechanisms of kinetochore microtubule attachment
… segregation during mitosis, the macromolecular kinetochore must remain attached to depolymerizing microtubules, which drive poleward chromosome movement. Microtubules are highly dynamic structures that undergo dramatic structural changes during depolymerization. The results presented in this …
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Molecular architecture of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinetochore
… proteins Bub lp and Bub3p are recruited to the kinetochore as part of the normal cell cycle in budding yeast, whereas Madlp and Mad2p are recruited only in response to damage to the CEN-kinetochore-MT connection. Analysis of specific S. cerevisiae kinetochore mutants indicates that attachment …
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Organization and regulation of outer kinetochore assembly
The kinetochore provides the connection between chromosomes and spindle microtubules. Defining the molecular architecture of the core kinetochore components is critical for understanding the mechanisms by which the kinetochore directs chromosome segregation. The KNL1/Mis12 complex/Ndc80 complex …
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Biochemical studies of the Saccharomyces cerevisae kinetochore
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 1996.
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Dissecting the Spatiotemporal Regulation of Yeast Kinetochore Interactions
Kinetochores are conserved protein complexes that bind the centromeres in replicated chromosomes to the mitotic spindle and then direct their segregation. To better comprehend Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinetochore function, we investigated the phospho-regulated dynamic interaction between the …
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Kinetochore-Microtubule interface: analyses of Ndc80-Dam1 Interactions
… can only occur when microtubules capture kinetochores and align sister chromatids on the mitotic spindle. Initially kinetochores interact with the lateral surface of a microtubule (lateral attachment), which is subsequently converted to an end-on attachment when the tip of a shrinking …
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Generating the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Signal at the Kinetochore
… senses the lack of tension/attachment on the kinetochores and consequently blocks anaphase onset by inhibiting an E3 ubiquitin ligase called anaphase-promoting complex. The roles of two kinases- BubR1 and Mps1, implicated in spindle assembly checkpoint were investigated. A checkpoint complex …
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Generating the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Signal at the Kinetochore
… senses the lack of tension/attachment on the kinetochores and consequently blocks anaphase onset by inhibiting an E3 ubiquitin ligase called anaphase-promoting complex. The roles of two kinases- BubR1 and Mps1, implicated in spindle assembly checkpoint were investigated. A checkpoint complex …
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Protein Phosphatase 1 at the Kinetochore Regulates Chromosome Segregation
… segregation in mitosis. First, improper kinetochore-microtubule attachments are destabilized through the error correction machinery. Second, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) delays anaphase onset until all kinetochores have achieved bioriented microtubule attachments. Both of these …
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PP2A-B56 isoform specificity at the centromere and kinetochore
… complex: the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC), kinetochore-microtubule attachments and sister chromatid cohesion. We show here that these key functions of PP2A-B56, which require its localization to either the kinetochore or centromere, are split between distinct subsets of B56 isoforms. …
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Molecular analysis of kinetochore-microtubule attachment in budding yeast
Kinetochores bind to microtubules and are responsible for chromosome segregation and the accurate transmission of genetic information during cell division. Kinetochores are DNA-protein complexes that assemble on centromeric DNA sequences. In budding yeast, the kinetochores consist of approximately …
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Structural and Mechanistic insights into Centromere Specification and Kinetochore Regulation
… relies on proper specification of the site of kinetochore formation on each chromosome, in addition to dynamic regulation of the interactions of the kinetochore with the microtubule-based mitotic spindle. This thesis work focuses on two important contributors to accurate chromosome segregation: …
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Regulation of microtubule attachment at the kinetochore and cell cortex
… a successful mitosis, including the chromosomes, kinetochores, centrosomes, and the microtubule cytoskeleton that forms the mitotic spindle. To assemble the mitotic spindle, the two centrosomes radially nucleate dynamic microtubules that make important connections with kinetochores and the cell …
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Kinetochore Structural Plasticity and its Regulation in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>
The kinetochore is a multi-protein complex that connects the chromosome with microtubule and pulls the chromosome during chromosome segregation. In yeast, a single kinetochore assembles on a Cse4 nucleosome and attaches to a single microtubule, making it an ideal system for studying the …
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Kinetochore-derived Microtubules: from Molecular Regulation to their Role in Mitosis
… spindle-pole microtubules (MTs) must capture kinetochores (KTs) so that the chromosomes can be loaded on the mitotic spindle. However, it remains a mystery how spindle-pole MTs can locate KTs with high efficiency, within realistic capture times (Wollman et al. 2005). The appearance of MTs at …
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Assembly and autoinhibitory mechanisms of the budding yeast kinetochore KMN complex
During eukaryotic mitosis, kinetochore protein complexes form the primary and essential linkage between spindle microtubules and chromosomes. Kinetochores directly mediate chromosome segregation by forming robust attachments to microtubules under applied force, and act to ensure the accuracy of …
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Using biophysical analysis to study the regulation of the budding yeast kinetochore
Kinetochores are large macromolecular machines that serve to physically segregate the genomic material of a cell during mitosis. To achieve this, the kinetochore must make strong attachments to dynamic microtubules under force for long periods of time, but also be able to correct erroneous …
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