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Showing 1 to 20 of 23 for “"intestinal stem cell"”.
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Quantifying Intestinal Stem Cell Dynamics Using Microsatellite Sequencing
The intestinal epithelium is rapidly renewing throughout life. A population of stem cells exist within the intestinal crypt that drive rapid cell renewal and replace each other by a pattern of neutral drift. Perturbation of these dynamics through oncogenic mutation can predispose the epithelium to …
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Transcriptional Regulation of Intestinal Stem Cell Lineage in Drosophila
The general metadata -- e.g., title, author, abstract, subject headings, etc. -- is publicly available, but access to the submitted files is restricted to UT Southwestern campus access and/or authorized UT Southwestern users.
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Impaired ketogenesis is implicated in intestinal stem cell function and epithelial regeneration in ulcerative colitis
… to mucosal healing in Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) drive this response, proliferating and differentiating from the base of the crypt to regenerate the entire epithelium. ISCs therefore exist in a highly active state and resultantly are vulnerable to changes in energy …
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Role of The Immune System In The Modulation of The Mmr-Deficient Intestinal Stem Cell Niche
… Repair (MMR) is a crucial DNA repair system to maintain genomic integrity in cells that is integrated by specific genes including <em>MLH1</em>, <em>MSH2</em>, <em>MSH6</em>, and <em>PMS2. </em>These genes play a critical role in repairing errors that occur in base pairing by stabilizing …
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Identification of novel gastric stem cell markers and investigation of Intestinal Stem Cell Cre-mediated Recombination
<p>Very few genetic markers for gastric stem cells are currently described. Identifying new markers is important for increasing our basic understanding of gastric tissues and studying mechanisms of cancer development. Gastric and intestinal tissues share a common developmental program. Thus, …
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Investigating how Notch, and JAK/STAT Signaling Synergistically Regulate Intestinal Stem Cell Homeostasis Using Engineered Optogenetic Alleles
Stem cells are a class of undifferentiated cells that have the unique ability to give rise to a variety of specialized cell types during tissue development and growth. These cells communicate amongst one another by sending and receiving signals from multiple pathways that regulate cell fate …
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Integrity of the Barrier Epithelium in Drosophila Gut is Mediated by Factors That Regulate Intestinal Stem Cell Activity
<p>My thesis work on the Drosophila intestinal epithelium (IE) involved characterizing the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), validating proliferation specific regulatory genes, and proposing gut barrier function–specific genes as regulators of commensal bacteria density. The results …
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Targeting the intestinal stem cell niche through energy and metabolism signaling, for colorectal cancer chemoprevention using aspirin and metformin
… evidence indicates that overnutrition increases ‘stemness’: the ability of intestinal stem cells to self-renew or differentiate. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, a central metabolic regulator, is elevated in CRC and modulates stem cell response to nutrients. Therefore, …
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Dissecting the Mechanisms and the Nutritional Requirements of the Expansion of Normal and Tumorigenic Intestinal Stem Cell Lineages in Drosophila melanogaster
… by injury and senescence. To replenish lost cells, adult tissue must contain a cellular reserve to maintain homeostasis. For example, adult stem cells exhibit two unique properties, self-renewal and potency, that make them well suited for this role. Tight regulatory control of stem cell …
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OVEREXPRESSION OR REDUCED BIOAVAILABILITY OF VEGF DURING MOUSE POST-NATAL INTESTINAL DEVELOPMENT ALTERS THE PROLIFERATION OF INTESTINAL STEM CELL PROGENITOR CELLS
… homologs, yet they do not possess endothelial cells or a vascular system indicating that VEGF might have other primitive roles. In this current study we investigated how VEGF affects the post-natal development of the intestinal epithelial by either overexpressing VEGF or by reducing the …
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Novel effects of Prefoldin Pathway on Intestinal Homeostasis via Dietary Restriction in Drosophila melanogaster
… is controlled by the regulation of intestine cell apoptosis and intestine cell proliferation. My research explores the role of two protein subunits found in a complex which may have possible functions in the regulation of these processes. The overall complex is formed from six subunit …
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Identifying novel roles for basement membrane-associated proteins in the adult Drosophila intestinal epithelium
… relies on the functionality of resident stem and progenitor cells, which must divide and differentiate in a way that precisely meets tissue requirements. To achieve this, cells integrate an array of information, including chemical, mechanical and adhesion-based cues, which collectively …
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Fasting Reduces Intestinal Radiotoxicity Enabling Dose-Escalated Radiotherapy For Pancreatic Cancer
… (RT). Unfortunately, this can cause severe gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity due to proximity of the pancreatic head to the duodenum. Protecting the intestine from the toxic side-effects of radiation may enable dose-escalation that could achieve more effective local control of disease. We and others …
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Krupple-Like Factor 4 Regulation in Intestinal Epithelial Differentiation, Proliferation and Polarity
… is predominantly expressed in the epithelial cells that are fully differentiated in normal intestine. In colorectal cancer, KLF4 was identified as a tumor suppressor; it is also a stem cell factor that along with other factors can induce pluripotent stem cells. KLF4 knockout mice demonstrate …
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Effects of high incubation temperature on the developing small intestine and yolk sac of broiler chicks with insight into goblet cell development in the small intestine early posthatch
… in the depth of the crypt, which is the site for stem cells. Chicks from eggs incubated at a higher temperature had a lower crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum. There was no difference in the expression of the intestinal stem cell marker olfactomedin 4 (Olfm4) and mucin 2, which is secreted by …
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Spatiotemporal dynamics of cell division in intestinal homeostasis
Intestinal homeostasis is governed by fate choices of stem cells residing in the intestinal crypt base. This must involve niche-specific co-ordination of cell division to guarantee that epithelial cells divide at the right time and place. These mechanisms operate to ensure precise control of the …
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Negative Regulation of Inflammation: Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colitis Associated Cancer
… signals is closely regulated by a plurality of cell signaling pathways, thereby maintaining homeostasis. In particular, the inflammatory signaling cascade contributes to cellular homeostasis and regulates responses prompted by external stimuli. Such responses are diverse and range from a variety …
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Dynamic Responses at the Barrier Epithelium
<p>A fundamental question in biology is how cellular systems sense and respond to their environment. The environment is a changing parameter, and cellular life has evolved a multitude of interesting and adaptive ways to sense and respond to external changes. The GI tract is a particularly …
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Leishmania Infection and Gut Homeostasis in the Sand Fly Lutzomyia longipalpis.
… to the parasite; immune response and gut cell proliferation. This is a vital area for research as a detailed understanding of the Leishmania -sand fly relationship could potentially aid the prevention and control of leishmaniasis. To explore the immune response of sand flies to Leishmania …
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Wolbachia colonization in drosophila midguts and its effects on intestinal stem cells
… is a vertically transmitted, obligate intracellular bacterium infecting ~40% of all known species of arthropods, as well as filarial nematodes. The nature of Wolbachia-host interactions ranges from reproductive parasitism to increased fecundity and pathogen protection. Wolbachia reduces the …
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