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Showing 1 to 20 of 23 for “"influenza vaccines"”.
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Studies on inactivated influenza vaccines
It is, perhaps, ironical. that while influenza was probably the first animal virus to be studied in detail there is still little known concerning its behaviour. In many ways it represents a model of difficult immunization problems. Now that so many of the most lethal and dramatic of the infectious …
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Market incentives for pandemic influenza vaccines
… plus individuals could perish if a virulent influenza pandemic were to occur. In wake of the 2009-10 H1N1 pandemic and in an era of economic austerity, however, industry lacks clear incentives to invest in vaccines for other high-risk strains. The cyclic nature of pandemics also means we can …
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Impact of Adjuvants on the Antibody Responses to Pre-pandemic H5N1 Influenza Vaccines
<p>Human influenza pandemics occur when influenza viruses to which the population has little or no immunity emerge and acquire the ability to transmit among humans. Since their emergence in 1996, human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses presented a serious public …
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Comparison of Immune Correlates, Age Related Changes and Proteomic Profiling of Healthy Individuals Receiving Influenza Vaccines
<p>The burden of influenza related infections is substantial, both in terms of illness, lives lost and economic impact on society. The degree of impact of influenza related infections is much higher in the elderly population where it is a leading cause of catastrophic disability; greatly affecting …
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Humanized mice to test vaccination against influenza virus via dendritic cells.
Critical to the development of human vaccines is the availability of in vivo models of the human immune system that permit testing of vaccine efficacy. Here,we used NOD-SCID-β²m-/- immunodeficient mice which, when engrafted with human CD34⁺ hematopoietic progenitors, develop all subsets of human …
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The Effect Of Maternal Antibodies On Anti-Viral Immunity In Infant Mice
… and severe disease, yet we lack effective vaccines for this population. While maternal antibodies can provide protection, they also inhibit the infant’s de novo antibody response. Furthermore, maternal antibodies can exacerbate disease in some contexts. Thus we need better vaccination …
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Using design of experiments to improve a batch chemical process
Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics has made a strong commitment to manufacturing seasonal influenza vaccines through their cell culture technology called Optaflu®. The goal of this project is to improve overall process yield by modifying the upstream process. The focus is on using a batch process to …
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Cytokine-bearing Influenza Vaccine: Adjuvant Potential of Membrane-bound Immunomodulators
Influenza epidemics continue to cause morbidity and mortality within the human population despite widespread vaccination efforts. This, along with the ominous threat of an avian influenza pandemic (H5N1), demonstrates the need for a much improved, more sophisticated influenza vaccine. Our group has …
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Predicting the Antigenic Evolution of Influenza Viruses with Application to Vaccination Strategy
Seasonal influenza viruses cause substantial worldwide mortality and morbidity every year. The evolution of these viruses comprise unique systems for studying natural evolutionary processes in real-time. Host immune systems recognise pathogens based on binding affinities between host antibodies and …
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Vaccine policy & vaccine politics: an analysis of United States vaccine uptake by state-level school and childcare vaccination mandate policies and state-level election results
… in 19–35-month-old children for ten childhood vaccines. In the second aim, we assess the association between statewide childcare vaccination policies and vaccination coverage and reasons for non-vaccination in 13–17-year-old children. In the third and fourth aims, we assess the associations …
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Dissecting Human Antibody Responses Against Influenza A Viruses And Antigenic Changes That Facilitate Immune Escape
Influenza A viruses pose a serious threat to public health, and seasonal circulation of influenza viruses causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Influenza viruses continuously acquire substitutions in the surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). These substitutions …
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Tailored influenza virus vaccines for both the young and old: Vaccine Efficacy of Whole Inactivated Vaccines bearing Immunomodulatory Adjuvants or Multimeric peptides
Influenza epidemics and pandemics remain a significant burden to world health and economy. Low efficacy of current inactivated influenza vaccines in the elderly and immunocompromized and the inability to protect against antigenically drifted or shifted strains of influenza virus are the two major …
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Influenza hemagglutinin expression in Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana benthamiana.
Influenza infects millions of people each year. Hemagglutinin (HA) is the major surface protein of the influenza virus and the best target as a vaccine candidate. Transgenic plants have significant potential for proper expression of HA to serve as an influenza vaccine. An HA3 DNA construct for …
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Responding to an Evolving Pandemic: Characterisation of Emerging Evolving Viruses and Population Immunity by the Example of SARS-CoV-2
… us to test knowledge acquired through decades of influenza virus research on SARS-CoV-2. In this thesis, I will describe how I used computational methods developed for the antigenic characterisation of influenza virus to answer scientific and public health questions about SARS-CoV-2's evolution …
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Baculovirus surface display of influenza virus haemagglutinin and its potential as a vaccine
… from the World Health Organization (WHO), influenza (or flu) is responsible for highly contagious, acute respiratory diseases in humans. These diseases are caused by influenza viruses and result in 250,000 to 500,000 deaths globally every year from seasonal flu. In addition, outbreaks of …
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Comparison of three levels of ascertainment of antenatal medication use at Gugulethu Midwife Obstetric Unit
… a better and more complete reflection of influenza vaccines and vitamins. The best method of ascertaining antenatal medicine exposure therefore depends on the type of medicine being investigated, and choice of data source depends on the objectives of the investigation. This study suggests …
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The development of a novel vaccine against avian influenza H7N9 virus
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are classified into the Orthomyxoviridae family and are composed of segmented, negative-sense, single-stranded ribonucleic acid (ssRNA) genomes in an enveloped particle. IAV is capable of infecting a wide variety of species, including but not limited to humans, birds, …
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Improving the analysis of surveillance antigenic data to support seasonal influenza vaccine composition recommendations
Seasonal influenza is estimated to cause 3-5 million infections and 300,000-650,000 deaths worldwide per year. The main countermeasure is vaccination. As the virus evolves to evade the immune system, ongoing surveillance is required to determine if circulating viruses differ substantially from the …
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Design and production of a candidate universal influenza A vaccine in Nicotiana benthamiana plants
The influenza A virus is responsible for 250,000 to 500,000 deaths every year worldwide and millions more could die in the event of a serious pandemic. Vaccines against influenza have existed for long, but until today they have been limited by extensive production times and reduced cross-protection …
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Data-driven strategies for vaccine design
… the traditional approaches. Rational design of vaccines against such pathogens will likely require interdisciplinary approaches spanning engineering, immunology, and the physical sciences. In this thesis, we combine theoretical approaches with protein sequence and clinical data to address two …
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