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Showing 1 to 20 of 25 for “"individual fitness"”.
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Social structure, individual fitness and the effect of climate in an obligate cooperatively breeding bird, the white-winged chough (Corcorax melanorhamphos)
… living in groups from three to up to 20 individuals. Group living in choughs is related to the young individuals' inefficient foraging, with adults providing care to their young for a long time after fledging. Choughs' reproductive success is highly dependent on food availability for the …
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Social structure, individual fitness and the effect of climate in an obligate cooperatively breeding bird, the white-winged chough (Corcorax melanorhamphos)
… living in groups from three to up to 20 individuals. Group living in choughs is related to the young individuals' inefficient foraging, with adults providing care to their young for a long time after fledging. Choughs' reproductive success is highly dependent on food availability for the …
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Evolution of Altruism and Eusociality: Toward a Cost/Benefit Analysis of Fitness and Genetic Relatedness
… of survival and/or reproduction; that is, individual fitness. Thus, altruism poses great challenges to Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection on individual fitness. Altruistic behaviors are commonly performed in eusocial animals, such as nearly all hymenoptera (including bees, …
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Using Light-Level Geolocation to Investigate the Carry-Over Effects of Long-Distance Migration on the Reproductive Success of Dunlin (Calidris Alpina Hudsonia)
… migration strategies can have lasting effects on individual fitness in subsequent seasons. These carry-over effects are difficult to study in migratory species because of the geographical separation between breeding and non-breeding sites. I used light-level geolocation to examine, for the first …
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Comparative resource use by two species of black bass in riverine and impounded sections of the New River, Virginia
… differ between lotic and lentic environments. Individual fitness indicators (i.e., growth and body condition factor) were also measured to assess performance of populations of the two species in the study areas. Fitness indicators suggested relatively good performance of both species in both …
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Resource competition and soft selection in Sabatia angularis
… are likely when the competitive neighborhood individuals experience are heterogeneous and individual fitness is dependent on the competitive neighborhood within which it finds itself. In situations where individual fitness is a function of the density and genetic composition of competitors, …
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Population ecology of landlocked Arctic charr, <i>Salvelinus alpinus L</i>., in the Canadian High Arctic
… implies that Dwarfs and Normals have equal fitness; a high average juvenile growth rate is likely to lead to a large number of Normals relative to Dwarfs; and that maximum individual fitness is probably achieved in bimodal populations within a "semi-speciated" condition. A combination of …
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Group size affects predation risk and foraging success in Pacific salmon at sea
… outlines ways in which grouping can enhance individual fitness, especially by improved predator avoidance and foraging efficiency. However, such theories are difficult to test in the wild, especially in marine environments where observing individuals is challenging, and quantifying predation …
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Individual capture history affects site use and defensive behavior of foraging eastern copperheads at a recreational site
… or reproduction, optimality theory suggests individuals allocate energy toward defensive behaviors equivalent to risk of predation. In this framework, repeat encounters with humans that do not reduce individual fitness could result in a decreased defensive response toward humans in subsequent …
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Genetic Algorithm Stream Cipher Key Generation Using NIST Functions
… by a genetic algorithm stream cipher when individual and combinations of fitness functions are used. Furthermore, this study identified which fitness function is the best for a specific scenario. For the genetic algorithm, the fitness tests are thirteen of the tests defined in NIST SP …
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Factors That Affect Harem Stability in a Feral Horse (Equus caballus) Population on Shackleford Banks island, NC
… and harem stability is strongly related to individual fitness. Anecdotal evidence and an early study in the non-breeding season suggest that management of the Shackleford Banks island horses with immunocontraception reduces harem stability in the population, providing an opportunity to study …
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Intersexual roost site selection by the little brown Myotis in Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan
… and conserving these structures is crucial for individual fitness and survival to mitigate population loss, especially for species such as the little brown Myotis facing threats such as pathogen spread from White-Nose Syndrome. During summer, little brown Myotis rely on roosts to maintain …
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Knemidokoptic mite infections on the Cape Peninsula population of Black Sparrowhawks
… population not having any mites and only a few individuals representing clinical cases. The infections affect on individual fitness was explored and it was found that it had a significant negative effect on breeding success (p<0.05) and productivity (p<0.01), but I was unable to preform a …
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Population oscillations, synchronization, and range expansion in a bacterial cross-protection mutualism
… populations with an Allee effect (when average individual fitness increases with population size or density) in these conditions can exhibit pinning (inability to expand at low dispersal rates) and pulsed expansion (periodic or step-like expansion into new territory). Preliminary modeling and …
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Infectious disease as a cause and consequence of phenotypic responses to challenge in a songbird species
… systems, with downstream implications for individual fitness. Infectious disease presents a significant ecological challenge for most organisms on earth. Additionally, how an animal responds to disease can be shifted by exposure to other ecological challenges. Thus, infectious disease can …
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Lifetime fitness and changing life history traits in Red-cockaded Woodpeckers
… 1) what traits contribute most to lifetime fitness, 2) how have traits changed over time and how is climate change influencing life history, and 3) to what extent are traits that contribute to fitness and that are changing over time heritable in this species. I found that a multitude of …
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Causes and consequences of sex ratio bias in Nazca boobies
… value of sons and daughters, mating systems, individual fitness and endangered species management. Nazca booby parents might adaptively alter the sex of their offspring according to current environmental or demographic conditions, or sex-specific mortality may occur in poor food years. Genetic …
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Causes and consequences of inbreeding in the banded mongoose
… of detailed behavioural observations on 1,956 individuals genotyped at 35-43 microsatellite loci. These genotypes were used to generate a nine-generation deep pedigree and inbreeding was estimated using the pedigree and microsatellite heterozygosity. Using generalised linear mixed models …
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The Role of Climate Variability in Duck Population Ecology
… important roles via effects on components of individual fitness (i.e., survival and reproductive success), and thus annual fluctuations in population sizes. I used congruent long-term data for duck populations, individuals, and climatic variables to test hypotheses about the relative roles of …
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A Model of Workplace Anger Response Cycles
… examining anger is largely focused on negative individual and organizational outcomes, such as raised blood pressure and heart disease, decreased productivity, reduced job satisfaction and increased job stress, and aggressive responses (Geddes & Callister, 2007; Gibson, Schweitzer, Callister, & …
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