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Showing 1 to 20 of 54 for “"ice crystals"”.
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The plastic behavior of predeformed ice crystals
… of previous plastic deformation experiments in ice has been complicated by the fact that the dislocation density changes during the experiment. To overcome this difficulty, measurements were made at stress levels lower than a predeformation value in an attempt to maintain constant dislocation …
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Modelling of Electromagnetic Scattering at Infrared Wavelengths by Pristine Ice Crystals
… Cirrus clouds are composed ofnon-spherical ice crystals with various shapes and cover about 30%-40% globally. The appropriategeometric models (applied mathematics and computational geometry) and incident coordinatesystems determine the shapes of ice crystals [1]. The shapes include but not …
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Measurements of small ice crystals in arctic cirrus: observations from the Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC)
… uncertainty about the contributions of small ice crystals (maximum dimension D<50 µm) to the mass and radiative properties that impact radiative forcing. In situ measurements of small ice crystals in arctic cirrus were made during the Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC) in April …
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The Microphysical and Radiative Properties of Tropical Cirrus From the 2006 Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (twp-Ice)
The impacts of variations in small ice crystal shapes and concentrations on bulk scattering properties of tropical cirrus are quantified. The calculated mean asymmetry parameter g¯ for the fresh anvil (i.e., 2 Feb) is larger than that for cirrus bands of varying ages (i.e., 27 and 29 Jan.) for …
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Snowfall Characterization by Field Observation and Atmospheric Sounding
… weather systems and is further specified by choice of measurement time, related to the statistics of individual falling ice crystals. A snowflake is definable as a single ice crystal having long range order in the crystal lattice or as a polycrystalline having a multitude of individual single …
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Solids in relation to smoothness and keeping qualities of ice cream
I Smoothness and texture of ice cream are closely associated both with fresh and refrozen ice cream. II Smoothness depends upon the amount and fineness of division of solids present other than those in true solution, within limit ; that iis, the smoothness depends upon size and distribution of ice …
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Atmospheric radiative transfer in multiple scattering conditions. Application to NWP models.
… been developed for mid latitude cirrus clouds. Ice clouds are treated as a mixture of ice crystals with various habits. The optical properties of the mixture are tested in comparison to radiometric measurements in selected case studies. Finally, a parameterization of the mixture for application …
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Freezing avoidance and the presence of ice in shallow water Antarctic fishes
Fishes inhabiting ice-laden waters of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, have ice present on all external tissues. This includes the integument, gills, and intestinal tract. With one exception, all internal tissues and fluids including the heart, liver, red muscle, white muscle, blood, bile, urine and …
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Evaluating approaches to detecting ice accretion in and around turbofan jet engines.
The accumulation of ice crystals in the compressor stages of a jet engine causes power loss events during flight that could potentially become catastrophic. The electromagnetic properties of ice clouds make them nearly undetectable to radars and hence the need for a new sensing technique. A …
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Effects of the hydrophobic coating on the initiation of frost formation.
… These dry gaps can limit the growth rate of ice crystals and retard frost formation on the hydrophobic coated surfaces. Three empirical correlations for dimensionless freezing time of single water droplets with three various static contact angles were developed. The correlations can be used …
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Measuring ice accretion with a microwave radiometer.
Ice accretion inside jet engines is a major threat to modern aviation. Ice crystals in the atmosphere can be ingested by turbofan jet engines and build up inside reducing airflow through the engine. A reliable method to detect ice inside the engine before power loss occurs is needed. A passive …
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The phase separation inlet for droplets, ice residuals, and interstitial aerosols
… clouds - the phaSe seParation Inlet for Droplets icE residuals and inteRstitial aerosols (SPIDER) - is described. SPIDER combines an omni-directional inlet, a Large-Pumped Counterflow Virtual Impactor (L-PCVI), a flow tube as evaporation chamber, and a Pumped Counterflow Virtual Impactor (PCVI) to …
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Hill reaction and frost hardening in cabbage
… is this that allows some to survive even when ice crystals were deposited on the leaves during early morning frosts? These are searching questions and without doubt have and deserve careful answers. Answers to these questions do not come readily, rather, they are found after laborious …
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Statistical correlation as a tool in propagation studies
… millimeter wave propagation through rain and ice crystals. The technique presented involves correlating dB values of the satellite signal attenuation and polarization isolation with dBZ values of radar backscatter from each of 128 range gates. In it, Pearson product moment correlation …
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THE ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERIC ICE: ELECTRICAL AND AERODYNAMIC TORQUES
The rotational motion of atmospheric ice particles is analyzed to determine the conditions under which the particles align with atmospheric electric fields. The particle shapes are approximated by prolate and oblate spheroids and may be treated as conductors or dielectrics, depending on the speed …
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Heat and mass transfer effects of ice growth mechanisms in water and aqueous solutions
Research into ice crystallization processes is an important area of study. The desire to improve product quality and efficiency of processes involving ice crystallization in industries such as desalination by freezing, freeze drying, freeze concentration and freeze crystallization for food …
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Role of multiscale atmospheric conditions in the evolution of convective organization during MJO-1 of DYNAMO/CINDY/AMIE
… The changes in the vertical distribution of ice particles indicate that graupel progressively occurred over a greater depth, associated with the overall increasing intensity of convective precipitation. As the MJO progressed eastward, other ice particle types occurred over shallower depths …
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Improving the Body, Texture, and Overall Quality of Low Fat Ice Cream with Emulsifiers
… at three levels each were tested in 2% low fat ice cream. Emulsifiers evaluated included: monoglyceride and diglyceride, polysorbate 80 blend; 40% alpha monoglyceride; 70% alpha monoglyceride; and lecithin. Use of emulsifiers produced desirable effects in low fat ice cream quality. All …
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Application of through-vial impedance spectroscopy as a novel process analytical technology for freeze drying
… C″Peak is strongly coupled to the amount of ice that remains during the drying process. Both log fpeak and log R have a linear dependence on the temperature of the solution, provided there was no phase change in the solution. The crystallization process (ice onset, solidification and …
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