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Showing 1 to 20 of 28 for “"ice crystal"”.
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Effect of Storage Temperatures on Ice Cream Quality
<p>Ice cream quality is dependent on many factors including the storage temperature. Currently, the industry standard for ice cream storage is -28.9°C (-20°F). Ice cream production costs may be decreased by increasing the temperature of the storage freezer, thus lowering energy costs. The first …
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Effect of Emulsifiers and Food Gum on Non Fat Ice Cream
<p>Non fat ice cream was made with a mix composition of 12% milk solids-not-fat, 12% sucrose, 5% (36 dextrose equivalent) corn syrup solids, rs% (18 dextrose equivalent) maltodextrin, 0.25% stabilizer blend, and vanilla extract. Treatments were prepared by adding the following emulsifiers at 3 …
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Effects of Milk Fat, Homogenization, and Stabilizer-Emulsifier Blend on the Texture of Vanilla Ice Cream
<p>Vanilla ice creams were made with two levels of milk fat (11 or 16%), two levels of homogenization (single or double), two levels of stabilizer-emulsifier blend (0.35 or 0.43%), 11 % milk solids-not-fat (MSNF), 13% sucrose, and 3% com syrup solids. Eight batches of ice cream mixes were made and …
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Improving the Body, Texture, and Overall Quality of Low Fat Ice Cream with Emulsifiers
… at three levels each were tested in 2% low fat ice cream. Emulsifiers evaluated included: monoglyceride and diglyceride, polysorbate 80 blend; 40% alpha monoglyceride; 70% alpha monoglyceride; and lecithin. Use of emulsifiers produced desirable effects in low fat ice cream quality. All …
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Snowfall Characterization by Field Observation and Atmospheric Sounding
… weather systems and is further specified by choice of measurement time, related to the statistics of individual falling ice crystals. A snowflake is definable as a single ice crystal having long range order in the crystal lattice or as a polycrystalline having a multitude of individual single …
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Effect of Double Homogenization and Whey Protein Concentrate on the Texture of Ice Cream
<p>Ice cream was made with a mix composition of 11 % milk fat, 11 % milk solids-not-fat, 13% sucrose, 3% com syrup solids (36 dextrose equivalent), 0.28% stabilizer blend or 0 .10% emulsifier and vanilla extract. Mixes were high temperature short time pasteurized at 80°C for 25 sec, homogenized at …
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A STUDY ON THE PHYSICS OF ICE ACCRETION IN A TURBOFAN ENGINE ENVIRONMENT
… thrust control events have led to a theory that ice is accreting on initially warmer than freezing internal engine hardware and affecting normal operation. The phenomenon is termed ice crystal icing. Previous ice crystal icing research on a simple airfoil empirically identified the effects of …
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The Microphysical and Radiative Properties of Tropical Cirrus From the 2006 Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (twp-Ice)
The impacts of variations in small ice crystal shapes and concentrations on bulk scattering properties of tropical cirrus are quantified. The calculated mean asymmetry parameter g¯ for the fresh anvil (i.e., 2 Feb) is larger than that for cirrus bands of varying ages (i.e., 27 and 29 Jan.) for …
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Increasing the Protein Content of Ice Cream
<p>Vanilla ice cream was made with a mix composition of 10.5% milk fat, 10.5% milk solids-not-fat, 12% beet sugar, and 4 % corn syrup solids (36 dextrose equivalent). Seven batches of ice cream mixes were made and each batch represented one treatment. Three replications were performed for a total …
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Statistical correlation as a tool in propagation studies
… millimeter wave propagation through rain and ice crystals. The technique presented involves correlating dB values of the satellite signal attenuation and polarization isolation with dBZ values of radar backscatter from each of 128 range gates. In it, Pearson product moment correlation …
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Multiscale modeling of transport mechanisms and quality changes in frozen foods during freeze-thaw cycles
… mechanisms of heat transfer, moisture migration, ice crystallization and solute diffusion are necessary to be achieved to understand the complex freezing process. The objective of this study is to develop a fundamental mathematical model complemented by the experimental measurements for describing …
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Process-morphology-property Relationships in Strut-like Poly(ether ether ketone) Aerogels Prepared through Thermally Induced Phase Separation
… in the formation of aerogels consisting of crystalline axialites. These axialites formed a strut-like network that had superior compressive properties compared to the globular aerogels previous prepared from the gelation of PEEK in 4-chlorophenol and dichloroacetic acid. It was also found …
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Assessing the dependence of bulk ice properties from probes with anti-shatter tips on environmental conditions
Ice clouds have significant impacts on the Earth’s radiative budget. Their radiative impact highly depends on ice cloud microphysical properties. Climate and weather prediction models have to make certain assumptions about how the various processes are represented. Observations of how cloud …
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Maternal methamphetamine use during pregnancy and subsequent neurodevelopmental and psychological sequelae in the child - a Cape Town experience
… or alcohol. Known as, amongst others, ' speed', 'ice', 'crystal', 'chalk', 'glass', 'crank', and locally, 'tik', it can be smoked, snorted, orally ingested, injected intravenously or even administered anally. In South Africa the preferred method consists of placing the powder or crystal in a light …
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Finite element and population balance models for food-freezing processes
… are important but energy-intensive steps in ice cream manufacturing. This thesis presents a series of models to address these issues. The first step taken to model energy consumption was to create a temperature-dependent ice cream material using empirical properties available in the …
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DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PEPTIDE-BASED NANOMATERIALS AS POTENTIAL TOOLS FOR CRYOPRESERVATION OF TISSUES AND ORGANS
… the freezing point of body fluids, control the ice crystal nucleation and inhibit their growth. In particular, the latter AFP property, the ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI), is highly desirable for new synthetic antifreeze materials as ice recrystallization during thawing is associated to …
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Investigation of tropospheric arctic aerosol and mixed-phase clouds using airborne lidar technique
… cloud seeding (feeder-seeder phenomenon) with ice crystals precipitating into the lower supercooled stratocumulus deck were discussed in terms of the lidar signal intensity profiles and corresponding depolarisation ratio profiles. For parts of the cloud system characterised by almost negligible …
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Multiscale Characterisation of Ice and Collagen: Physicochemical Development of Lyophilised Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
… cues that determine cellular response to ice-templated collagen-based constructs can be fine-tuned by modulating the scaffold fabrication process. To produce lyophilised scaffolds, ice crystals are grown in an aqueous collagen suspension then sublimed to create a highly porous and …
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Greenlandic ice archives of North Atlantic Common Era climate
… climate variability from the Greenlandic ice core archive. First, I investigate the climatic fidelity of ice core glaciochemical climate proxies at the microphysical-scale. I show that several soluble chemical species – key among them methanesulfonic acid (MSA) – undergo rapid vertical …
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Measurements of small ice crystals in arctic cirrus: observations from the Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC)
… uncertainty about the contributions of small ice crystals (maximum dimension D<50 µm) to the mass and radiative properties that impact radiative forcing. In situ measurements of small ice crystals in arctic cirrus were made during the Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC) in April …
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