Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 22 for “"host adaptation"”.
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Genomic epidemiology of oat crown rust disease in Australia and abroad uncovers diverse mechanisms to generate diversity
… through infection by urediniospores. Host adaptation by mutation during asexual propagation may occur rapidly in rust fungi, but diversification is further accelerated when the sexual cycle is active. The dikaryon enables a third mechanism for generating diversity in the absence of the …
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Genomic epidemiology of oat crown rust disease in Australia and abroad uncovers diverse mechanisms to generate diversity
… through infection by urediniospores. Host adaptation by mutation during asexual propagation may occur rapidly in rust fungi, but diversification is further accelerated when the sexual cycle is active. The dikaryon enables a third mechanism for generating diversity in the absence of the …
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FUSARIUM MUSAE AND FUSARIUM VERTICILLIOIDES CROSS-KINGDOM PATHOGENS: GENOMICS AND DIAGNOSTIC INNOVATION
… genomic diversity, and mechanisms underlying host adaptation in F. musae remain insufficiently characterized, and available genomic resources have been largely restricted to plant-derived isolates. Moreover, the widespread use of azole antifungals in both agricultural and clinical settings has …
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High Precision Binary Trait Association on PhylogeneticTrees
… in pathogenicity, drug resistance, and host adaptation. Traditional genome-wide association study (GWAS) methods fail to account for shared evolutionary history, confounding association analyses. Microbial GWAS approaches emerged to address this, but modern methods often lack the …
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Ability of Klebsiella spp. mastitis isolates to produce virulence factors for enhanced evasion of bovine innate immune defenses
… of multiple animals may provide insight into host adaptation. In this study, Klebsiella spp. strains were evaluated for their ability to evade neutrophil killing, the primary immune defense in the bovine mammary gland. Our research focused on capsule and biofilm production by Klebsiella spp. …
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Virologic Factors Contributing to the Genetic Diversification of Influenza Viruses Circulating in North American Swine
… gene combinations can drive evolution and host adaptation in the context of the triple reassortant internal gene (TRIG) cassette. The TRIG contains a unique combination of a human polymerase basic 1 (PB1) gene with avian polymerase basic 2 (PB2) and polymerase acidic (PA) genes. The …
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Phylogeography of Oculina Corals and their Algal Symbionts: Insights into the Origin and Expansion of Oculina Patagonica in the Mediterranean
… next-generation sequencing data for the coral host and its algal symbiont as well as environmental data. Although only recently first described from the waters of the Mediterranean, genetic, historical demographic, and fossil evidence suggests that O. patagonica has not been anthropogenically …
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Comparative genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of human associated extraintestinal Escherichia coli isolated from cats and dogs
… within each sequence type there were discrete host related clusters. In depth analysis of the cat and human ST73 strains indicated sharing between hosts had occurred. Some differences in gene carriage by strains and phenotypic differences could be explained as host adaptations. The findings …
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Comparative genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of human associated extraintestinal Escherichia coli isolated from cats and dogs
… within each sequence type there were discrete host related clusters. In depth analysis of the cat and human ST73 strains indicated sharing between hosts had occurred. Some differences in gene carriage by strains and phenotypic differences could be explained as host adaptations. The findings …
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A comparative and phylogenetic analysis of the genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
… this switch in phenotype as a marker for host adaptation by the bacterium to the CF lung environment and therefore have sequenced three mucoid strains and their non-mucoid progenitors. Using a variety of comparative genomics software, we have identified that two of these pairings are true, …
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Applications, complexities, and opportunities of metagenomics for clinical diagnostics and viral discovery
… picobirnavirus sequences in multiple herbivore hosts. Phylogenetic analyses placed these sequences within the proposed Betapicobirnavirus lineage and suggested limited cross-species transmission with possible host adaptation. Collectively, this work demonstrates the versatility of mNGS as both a …
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Directed evolution of antimutator E. coli
… desired function is encoded into the DNA of the host organism, the host uses its own resources to perform the function and there is likely no associated fitness benefit. Therefore, there is strong selection for inactivation of the function due to the metabolic load imposed on cellular resources. …
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Mechanisms of Emerging RNA Virus Adaptation to Hosts
… expansion or viral spillover increase. Viral adaptation enabling intra- or interspecies transmission can cause outbreaks on the scale of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Understanding the mechanisms by which emerging RNA …
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Exploiting fitness trade-offs to prevent antifungal drug resistance
… the role of mitochondrial respiration in fungal host adaptation, immune evasion, and virulence in an animal model. Finally, in the appendix I describe work in progress on the discovery and characterization of a compound that selectively kills Candida by targeting the mitochondrial phosphate …
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A non mouse-adapted dengue virus strain as a new model of severe dengue infection in AG129 mice
… reported so far, either require the need for host adaptation, inoculation with a high dose and/or intravenous (iv.) administration to elicit a virulent phenotype in mice, which results at best in a productive infection with none, few or irrelevant disease manifestations, and with mice dying at …
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Factors affecting replication and cross-species transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus
… and be able to make use of available host factors such as entry receptors for replication. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection is blocked at a post-entry stage by rhesus macaque TRIM5α, an effect that is enhanced by host factor cyclophilin A (CypA), but largely evades …
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A genomic analysis of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from bovine milk and the discovery of a novel streptococcus species
… reported to play an important role in S. aureus host adaptation although the mechanisms underlying S. aureus host specificity are not fully understood. This study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial resistance and bovine associated virulence features of S. aureus isolated from bovine …
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Population dynamics of infectious disease and pathogen evolution: modelling vaccine escape
… depends on the vaccination coverage of its host population. Deterministic compartmental models are coupled with a parsimonious approach to pathogen evolution, focussing on the selection pressure for immune escape. We study the qualitative patterns of this escape pressure — as a function of …
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Genomic insights into the host range and interspecies transmission dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus
… important human bacterial pathogen with a wide host range, including livestock, companion, and wild animal species. Genomic and epidemiological studies show that S. aureus can freely transmit between different species, with some of these transmissions resulting in successful adaptation and …
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CHARACTERISTICS OF CLINICAL NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA ISOLATES FROM A HISTORICAL BIOBANK WITH A FOCUS ON THE INVASIVE SEROTYPE CHOLERAESUIS, LOMBARDY REGION (2001-2016)
… with specific serotypes characterized by host adaptation and multidrug resistance. The persistence of clonal invasive lineages, such as S. Choleraesuis, underscores the zoonotic interface between swine and humans and illustrates the risks posed by antimicrobial resistance. Conclusion. This …
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