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Showing 1 to 20 of 24 for “"homoplasy"”.
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Dissecting the Genetic Basis of Convergent Complex Traits Based on Molecular Homoplasy
… I developed a novel approach based on molecular homoplasy to reveal Single Non-random Amino Acids Patterns (SNAAPs) that are associated with convergent traits, a task that proved intractable for standard approaches, e.g. dN/dS analyses. Of 73 genes I identified in mammalian vocal learners, ~25% …
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Skeletal evolution and convergence in the hyperdiverse passerine radiation
… evidence of pervasive convergent evolution, or homoplasy, in the passerine carpometacarpus. In Chapter 3, I present a new method of quantifying homoplasy in discrete character datasets and re-evaluate longstanding hypotheses about expected patterns of homoplasy considering changing variables in …
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A taxonomic re-appraisal of the Passeriformes (Aves) based on the morphology of the plantar surface of the foot
… species of bird. Large amounts of variation and homoplasy were found. Compatibility analysis (by a LeQuesne test computer program) was used to find cliques of compatible characters for families, and other groups of Passeriformes. The polarities of character state changes were hypothesized by …
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Phylogenetic relationships of the African species of the genus Merxmuellera Conert (Poaceae: Danthonioideae)
… supported phylogenies due to high levels of homoplasy in the dataset.
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Following the LINEs (Long INterspersed Elements): human specific L1 elements and their orthologous loci in non-human primates
… (0.52%). In addition, no cases of insertion site homoplasy involved the integration of a second L1 element at any of the loci, but rather largely involved secondary insertions of Alu elements. No independent mobile element insertion events were found at orthologous loci in the human and chimpanzee …
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Evolution of the Hominoid Vertebral Column
… invoke very different roles for homology and homoplasy in the evolution of vertebral formulae in living and extinct hominoids. These processes are fundamental to the emergence of morphological structures and reflect similarity by common descent (homology) or similarity by independent evolution …
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Cladistic Analysis of the Paleozoic Bryozoan Families Monticuliporidae and Mesotrypidae
… trees, with better summary index values and low homoplasy. Phenetic results varied, depending largely on the similarity measures used. Cladistic analysis produced five tree topologies, the most parsimonious of which consisted of a monophyletic crown group, representing Family Monticuliporidae, …
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Algorithms For Haplotype Inference And Block Partitioning
… repeated or back mutations (also referred to as homoplasy events). Another contribution of this dissertation is a set of fixed-parameter tractable algorithms for constructing near-perfect phylogenies with homoplasy events. For the problem of constructing a near perfect phylogeny with q homoplasy …
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Species-level phylogenetic reconstruction of the African cycad genus Encephalartos (Zamiaceae)
… RI indices were low indicating high levels of homoplasy in the data. The relationships resolved by this study for all the data sets separately and combined were different to those previously suggested for the genus. The biogeography of Encephalartos is also investigated by habitat optimization …
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Characterization of Polymorphic Microsatellites in Strawberry and Their Transferability to Other Genera in the Rosaceae Family
… was some sequence similarity with Fragaria. Size homoplasy, i.e., alleles of identical size with different numbers of repeats within the SSR was observed among Fragaria and Rosaceae species for primer UDF-018, suggesting a need for caution when interpreting SSR variation from band migration in the …
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A cause for consilience: Utilizing multiple genomic data types to resolve problematic nodes within Arthropoda and Ecdysozoa
… data (Sempere et al. 2006) because of their low homoplasy levels. The considered data sets were analysed under phylogenetic methods and models, implemented to minimize the occurrence of phylogenetic reconstruction artifacts to understand the evolution of Ecdysozoa. Analyses of independent data …
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A phylogenetic analysis of the Accipitridae (class Aves).
… phylogenies, presumably due to the high level of homoplasy, perhaps, the result of convergence on diet. To develop a firm understanding of the relationships among the major species groups (i.e., morphological types) an analysis of DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial encoded cytochrome-b gene …
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Diversity, phylogeny and biostratigraphy of diprotodontoids (marsupialia: diprotodontidae, palorchestidae) from the Riversleigh world heritage area
… webbi as well as the high degree of homoplasy in cranial morphology of the more derived members of each subfamily. Overall phylogenetic and distribution patterns for diprotodontoids is generally consistent with current interpretations of Riversleigh's stratigraphy. Five diprotodontoid …
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Systematics and cophylogenetics of toucans and their associated chewing lice
… between sympatric Ramphastos are due to homoplasy. Second, using mitochondrial and nuclear protein-coding DNA sequences, I reconstructed the phylogeny of ectoparasitic toucan chewing lice in the Austrophilopterus cancellosus subspecies complex, and compared this phylogeny to the phylogeny …
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Molecular Systematics of <i>Isoëtes</i> (Isoëtaceae) in Eastern North America
… morphological characters are the result of homoplasy. Only<em> I. ‘graniticola</em>-NC’, I. ‘<em>laurentiana’</em>, <em>I. septentrionalis</em>, and<em> I.tuckermanii</em> showed very strong relationships indicating a clear maternal ancestor, with other polyploids suggesting ancestral or …
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Fossoriality In Snakes: Perspectives From Morphology And The Fossil Record
… the fossorial origin of snakes The problem of homoplasy, particularly in relation to adaptation to fossoriality, is potentially responsible for the incongruences between phylogenetic hypothesis of snakes that use either morphological or molecular data. In this project I used CT scans of 73 …
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Biodiversity, conservation and mimicry rings of Appalachian millipedes
… with the aims of (1) understanding the role of homoplasy within the Xystodesmidae, (2) delineating tribal and generic boundaries within the family, (3) describing species in the genus Nannaria for the purposes of revising the subtribe Nannariina, and (4) investigating mimicry and color …
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Systematics of the Relhaniinae (Asteraceae-Gnaphalieae) in southern Africa : geography and evolution in an endemic Cape plant lineage
… maximum likelihood indicates a high degree of homoplasy in all the macro-morphological characters used by previous workers to delimit the genera that fall within this polytomy (Disparago, Elytropappus and Stoebe). The evolution of these leaf, synflorescence and floral morphological characters …
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Systematics, biogeography and morphological evolution in Entosthodon Schwägr. (Bryopsida, Funariaceae) with a revision of the genus in Africa
… in the group, exhibit high levels of homoplasy and that Entosthodon is paraphyletic as currently circumscribed. I further test the monophyly of Entosthodon, and its relationships to other members of the Funarioideae, through phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from four chloroplast …
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Phylogenetics, systematics and biogeography of deep-sea Pennatulacea (Anthozoa: Octocorallia): evidence from molecules and morphology
… be attributable to the high frequency of homoplasy in pennatulids where reversals in<br/>evolution have led to taxa that possess apomorphic character states that are analogous<br/>with plesiomorphic traits. Genetic analysis gave strong support that highly-derived taxa<br/>occur in both …
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