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Showing 1 to 20 of 20 for “"glucagon secretion"”.
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Regulation of glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells
Glucagon secreted by pancreatic α-cells plays an important role in the regulation of blood glucose. In this thesis, different techniques such as electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry and hormone secretion assay were combined to explore the mechanisms by which glucagon secretion is regulated. Like …
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Ceramide Accumulation in the Alpha Cell Drives Glucagon Secretion and Hyperglycemia
… insulin available, but also excessive amounts of glucagon present. They were the first to provide evidence that hyperglucagonemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus may result from insulin resistant alpha-cells, since patients' circulating glucagon levels were poorly suppressed by exogenous insulin. …
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Paracrine control of glucagon secretion in the pancreatic α-cell: Studies involving optogenetic cell activation
ABSTRACT The mechanisms controlling glucagon secretion by α-cells in islets of Langerhans were studied. We generated mice with the light-activated ion channel ChR2 specifically expressed in β-, α-, and δ-cells, and explored the spatio-temporal relationship between cell activation and glucagon …
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Distribution of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters and their effects on insulin and glucagon secretion in normal and diabetic rat pancreas
Diabetes is associated with impaired insulin secretion and or derangement in the metabolic process. This is usually coupled with abnormal regulation of other pancreatic hormones because of the loss of the effects of insulin (INS) on the other pancreatic hormones such as glucagon (GLU), somatostatin …
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Characterisation and pharmacological regulation of GLP-1-mediated glucose homeostasis
… by the hormonal imbalance of insulin and glucagon, leading to dysfunctional glucose homeostasis. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which is an incretin hormone, activates the predominantly Gαs-coupled glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R), which is a class B G protein-coupled receptor …
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Effects Of Sustained Release Somatostatin Type 2 Antagonism On Glucagon Counterregulation And Glycemia In Type 2 Diabetic Rate Model
… (SSTR2a), ZT-01, could enhance endogenous glucagon secretion and protect against hypoglycemia in a rat model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Male Sprague Dawley rats were placed on a high-fat diet and injected with streptozotocin to induce T2D. The rats were then chronically treated with varying …
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The Free Fatty Acid Receptor GPR40 - expression and role in islet hormone secretion
… pancreatic islets. A similarly increased glucagon secretion from alpha-cells was demonstrated after we established that these cells also express GPR40. Antisense knock-down of GPR40 abolished the effect of FFA stimulation on hormone secretion from both cell types. In the final part of this …
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Metabolic alterations in patients with self-inflicted aggressive behaviour
… is to enlighten the role of leptin, insulin, glucagon, glucose and IL-1beta in the context of self-inflicted aggressive behaviour. We used cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-) samples from patients with a recent suicide attempt and plasma samples from a five-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in …
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Radioimmunoassay of insulin and glucagon with studies on the obese hyperglycaemic syndrome in mice
… and precise radioimmunoassays for insulin and glucagon have been established. Although it was possible to employ similar precepts to the development of both hormone assays, the establishment of a reliable glucagon radioimmunoassay was complicated by the poor immunogenicity and instability of …
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Lipid Rafts in Pancreatic Beta- and Alpha-cell Stimulus-secretion Coupling
… is hallmarked by insufficient beta-cell insulin secretion and inappropriate alpha-cell glucagon secretion concomitant to peripheral insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying dysregulation of pancreatic beta- and alpha-cells in type 2 diabetes require further investigation. Whereas …
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Recurrent Hypoglycaemia-examining Impact and Strategy
… role in Type 1 diabetes of dysregulated glucagon secretion during fasting and in the post-prandial states, contributing to<br/>hyperinsulinaemia, hypoglycaemia and increased glycaemic variability (GV). I postulated that suppression of glucose-induced glucagon secretion in Type 1 diabetes …
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Manipulating proglucagon processing in the pancreatic alpha-cell for the treatment of diabetes
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has received much attention as a novel diabetes therapeutic due to its pleotropic blood glucose-lowering effects, including enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, inhibition of gastric emptying and glucagon secretion, and promotion of beta-cell survival …
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The Human Pancreatic Islet Methylome and Its Role in Type 2 Diabetes
… insulin content and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were decreased in the same islets. We next analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation in human pancreatic islets from both T2D and non-diabetic donors (Study III). Nearly 1,500 CpG sites (853 genes) were differentially methylated in T2D …
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Stimulus-Section Coupling in Endocrine Cell Models
… development of novel disease therapies. Stimulus-secretion coupling in hormone secreting cells is a complex system of pathways that link activation of cellular processes by i.e. nutrients to the release of hormone. Stimulus-secretion coupling in the insulin secreting beta-cell is intensely …
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ADP regulation of insulin secretion and beta-cell apoptosis
… the effects of extracellular purines on insulin secretion, and apoptosis in mouse pancreatic islets and β-cells; to examine if high glucose and free fatty acids induces β-cell apoptosis via autocrine effects of ADP acting on the P2Y13 receptor; and to investigate the modulation of extracellular …
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A peptidomic investigation into enteroendocrine cells and islets of humans and mice
… derived peptide may be altering peptide secretions from islets to modulate glucose tolerance but no effect of this novel peptide was seen on insulin, somatostatin-14 or glucagon secretion from islets. The progastrin derived peptide was then administered to diet-induced obese mice to …
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Endogenous glucagon-cells are necessary for the glucose-responsiveness of the HIT-T15 hamster β-cell line
The role of glucagon in glucose-stimulated insulin release was investigated using the hamster insulinoma cell line, HIT-T15, as a model of the pancreatic β-cell. Glucose-stimulated insulin release from HIT-T15 cells was concentration-dependent over a range of glucose concentrations between 0 and 15 …
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THE EFFECT OF DIETARY FIBRE ON HUMAN LIPID METABOLISM
… sites on HMG-CoA synthase. Changes in serum glucagon have been reported when SCFA are infused rectally, and propionate is known to have a high affinity for carnitine. Increased glucagon secretion (which may inhibit cholesterol synthesis) has been reported as a response to decreased hepatic …
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A novel nutritional approach to the management of type 2 diabetes: effects of nutritional preloads on postprandial blood glucose and gastric emptying in type 2 diabetes mellitus
… the small intestine, mediated in part by the secretion of gut hormones. Gastric emptying is often disordered in people with type 2 diabetes; the emptying of solids and/or nutrient liquids is abnormally delayed in up to 30-50% with patients with longstanding type 2 diabetes, while gastric …