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Showing 1 to 20 of 98 for “"free chlorine"”.
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Inactivation of echovirus 12 with free chlorine
Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2022-11-11 without embargo terms
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Inactivation kinetics of coxsacieviurs B5 with free chlorine
… water purification in the United States, but the chlorine dose required to inactivate certain viruses remains unknown. One such virus is coxsackievirus. Coxsackievirus, along with other enteroviruses, causes a significant number of infections in the United States. These infections can prove fatal …
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Reduction of Aqueous Free Chlorine With Granular Activated Carbon
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-13T19:31:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 7606980.pdf: 3584396 bytes, checksum: 054ad3e673c183d0862395564efc5231 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1975
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The Mechanisms, Products, and Kinetic of Carbamazepine-Free Chlorine Reactions
… in the United States involves the addition of free chlorine. However, the chlorination mechanisms of CBZ have not been fully investigated and are currently poorly understood. Our experimental studies were conducted to examine the chlorination of CBZ under controlled conditions. The kinetics, …
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The Mechanisms, Products, and Kinetics of Triclosan-Free Chlorine Reactions
… products, and reaction pathways of triclosan/free chlorine reactions were investigated for the pH range 3.5-11. Although pH dependent speciation occurs in both triclosan and free chlorine, only the reaction between HOCl and the phenolate-triclosan was found to play a significant role in the …
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Effect of combined UV and free chlorine on the formation of chloronitromethanes
… (HNM) formation as well as how different free chlorine doses can affect HNM speciation. This study shows that the low pressure ultraviolet (LPUV) and free chlorine concurrent exposure can enhance HNM formation. In addition, most previous studies in the literature showed …
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Porcine rotavirus adsorption to 24 salad vegetables and sanitization by free chlorine
Foodborne diseases are a persistent problem in the United States and worldwide. Fresh produce, especially those used as raw foods like salad vegetables, can be contaminated, causing illness. In this study, we determined the number of rotaviruses adsorbed on produce surfaces using group A porcine …
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Cytotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Disinfection Byproduct Mixtures Formulated Using Free Chlorine and Monochloramine
… using scaled disinfectant dosing protocols with free chlorine and monochloramine in the presence and absence of added bromide. DBPs were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantified with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Four trihalomethanes, three …
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The mechanism for free chlorine oxidation of reduced manganese in mixed-media filters
… of an oxidant during column filter studies. Free chlorine (HOCl, OC1â ) was chosen to increase soluble manganese removal efficiency because chlorine is readily available and inexpensive. Filter media from four different water treatment plants were used in this study. Continuous-flow filter …
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The Effect Of Free Chlorine And Chloramines On Lead Release In A Distribution System
… release in drinking water in the presence of free chlorine and chloramine residuals was investigated in field, laboratory and fundamental investigations for finished waters produced from ground (GW), surface (SW), saline (RO) and blended (B) sources. Field investigations found more total lead …
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The Reaction of Aqueous Free Chlorine With Organic Compounds Adsorbed on Granular Activated Carbon
The reaction of organic compounds with aqueous chlorine was examined before and after adsorption on an activated carbon bed. An extract of humic acid from peat soil was used as the organic compound in the first part of the study. The concentration of humic acid and chlorine were typical of those …
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The effect of free chlorine and monochloramine on lead in drinking water and epitaxial electrodeposition of tin sulfide
… in the presence of two disinfectants: free chlorine (in the form of HOCI/OCr) and monochloramine (NH₂Cl). In the second part of this study, epitaxial SnS nanodisks were electrodeposited onto a Au(100) substrate. Water utility systems use either free chlorine or monochloramine in their …
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Bacteriophage PRD1 as a potential surrogate for adenovirus in drinking water disinfection with free chlorine, low pressure ultraviolet light, and sunlight
… such as ultraviolet (UV) light, combined chlorine, and solar disinfection. A potential surrogate for adenovirus is the bacteriophage PRD1 because of its similar size, morphology, and genome replication mechanism. The objective of this research was to compare the inactivation kinetics of …
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A comparison of the biocidal efficiencies of free chlorine, chloramines, and chlorine dioxide on the heterotrophic iron precipitating bacterium, Pseudomonas cepacia
… bacterium was identified. An investigation of free chlorine, chloramines, and chlorine dioxide was undertaken to examine their applicability in the control and/or elimination of this type of deterioration in water quality. Environmental conditions were then varied to determine their effects on …
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Evaluation of the Correlation Between the Oxidation Reduction Potential and Free Chlorine Residual for Different Chlorine Sources Used in Poultry Drinking Water Sanitation
… tool utilized by the poultry industry to monitor chlorine efficacy in drinking water. An ORP reading of 650-750 millivolts (mV) has become the industry standard for assuring an acceptable sanitizing residual of free chlorine is present for controlling microbial contamination regardless of the …
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The performance of free chlorine and chlorine dioxide oxidation and/or alum coagulation for the removal of complexed Fe(II) from drinking water
… This research investigated Fe(II) oxidation by free chlorine and ClO₂ in the presence of DOC by varying the pH, DOC to Fe ratios, DOC sources, oxidant dosages, and contact time. Complexed iron removal by alum coagulation with and without oxidant addition was also examined. Particulate, …
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Advancing Fundamental Understanding of Lead-Tin Solder Corrosion in Drinking Water: Nitrate Spallation Mechanism, Inhibition by Zinc Orthophosphate and Free Chlorine, and Implications for Canned Foods
… control to mitigate nitrate attack, and 4) free chlorine can inhibit solder corrosion by electrochemical reversal. These principles were also applied to an exemplary related problem of lead contamination of food stored in tin cans. The conventional understanding is that lead-tin solder …
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Disinfection of fresh produce contaminated by enteric viruses and their inactivation mechanisms
… the WHO threshold for RV. To understand whether free chlorine, the most commonly used sanitizer in the vegetable industry, is effective to inactivate virus attached to vegetable surfaces, free chlorine was exposed to virus-contaminated vegetable surfaces of ‘Red Russian’ kale and southern giant …
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Formation of Chloroform and Other Chlorinated Byproducts by the Chlorination of Antibacterial Products
… it has been established that pure triclosan and free chlorine readily react, interactions between triclosan-containing products and free chlorine have not previously been analyzed. Sixteen double-blinded solutions including both triclosan-containing (1.14-3.12 mg triclosan/g product) and …
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The Chlorination of Triclosan: A Kinetic Study
… of concern. The reactions between triclosan and free chlorine have been examined previously; however, no kinetic data for these reactions have been reported for conditions typical of drinking water treatment. This investigation focused specifically on the kinetics of the triclosan and free …
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