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Showing 1 to 20 of 42 for “"fixed-ratio"”.
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Effects of Ventromedial Hypothalamic Lesions on Food-Reinforced Fixed Ratio Responding
… relative to controls in lever pressing on a fixed ratio schedule. This effect was also seen in rats which had extensive pretraining on the fixed ratio task. Nonpretrained rats with lesions made with platinum electrodes showed a smaller, more variable deficit. However, rats with both platinum …
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Effects of Concurrent Fixed Interval-fixed Ratio Schedules of Reinforcement on Human Responding.
… performances observed to be under temporal and ratio control of concurrent fixed interval-fixed ratio schedules. Two aspects of interaction between FI and FR schedules were distinguishable in the data. First, interaction between two schedules was observed in that changes in the value of one …
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Effects of a Limited Hold on Pigeons' Match-to-sample Performance Under Fixed-ratio Scheduling.
… access and subsequent conditions include higher fixed-ratio values. Experiment 2 included the same fixed-ratio values as experiment 1 with and without a limited hold (LH) on the opportunity to select a comparison stimulus. Prior research suggested that trials after reinforcement would have an …
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The Effects of Extinction on Human Performance Following Exposure to Fixed Ratio Schedules of Reinforcement
… computer. The subjects were exposed to different fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement (FR1, FR 5, and FR10 respectively) and extinction. Subjects displayed typical schedule performances during the maintenance phase of the experiment. During extinction the performances were disrupted, they showed …
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Statistical Methods and Experimental Design for Inference Regarding Dose and/or Interaction Thresholds Along a Fixed-Ratio Ray
… of c chemicals, which are present according to a fixed mixing ratio, called the mixture ray. Using single chemical and mixture ray data, we can investigate interaction among the chemicals in a particular mixture. Statistical models have been used to describe the dose-response relationship of the …
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A comparison of a fixed-ratio deletion procedure and a rational, increasing-ratio deletion procedure in cloze test
Made available in DSpace on 2021-04-22T18:45:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Hideki_Eguchi.pdf: 2771516 bytes, checksum: 5a56cb5fcf56a36734cceeadaa646b8e (MD5) license.txt: 4802 bytes, checksum: 58353f9dd6876860dd5221f3d7872a95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1982
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A Methodological Investigation of Social Reinforcement Studies: The Effects of Fixed-Interval and Fixed-Ratio Schedules on Time and Rate Measures
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-08T23:02:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 7013463.pdf: 3001166 bytes, checksum: 47c703d4dbae44559229d62927e2215f (MD5) Previous issue date: 1969
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The Effects of Manipulating One Requirement of a Conjunctive Schedule on Responding in the Pigeon
… the effects of systematically increasing the ratio requirement of a conjunctive fixed-interval fixed-ratio schedule on responding during the fixed interval. Procedure. Three experimentally-naive homing pigeons initially trained to peck a red response key on a fixed-interval schedule (FI 180 …
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Control of Pausing in Rich-Lean Transitions by Spatially Localized and Spatially Diffuse Stimuli
… We arranged a two-component multiple fixed ratio-fixed ratio (FR-FR) schedule to evaluate effects of different types of schedule-correlated stimuli on pausing in rich-lean transitions using rat subjects. Components had equivalent FR requirements and were each signaled by unique …
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Variable Ratio Matrix Transformer based LLC Converter for Two-Stage Low-Voltage DC-DC Converter Efficiency Improvement
… is required in the LDC due to safety considerations. Three challenges exist in the LDC design: (1) wide regulation range; (2) high output current; (3) thermal management. The single stage solutions, such as phase-shift full-bridge converter and LLC resonant converter, have been widely studied …
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Effects of blockade of muscarinic receptors in the ventral tegmental area : attenuation of cocaine reward, but enhancement of locomotor activity and dopamine overflow in the nucleus accumbens
… intravenous cocaine self-administered on either fixed ratio or progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement. Low doses of atropine sulphate, the lipophilic form of the drug, produced a compensatory increase in cocaine intake while the administration of higher doses of atropine sulphate …
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The Regulation of Effort Exertion by the Nucleus Accumbens Core
… action relative to its long-term benefits. Using fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement, different effort requirements can be imposed upon mice, as the cost per benefit is determined by these press-per-pellet ratios. Fixed-ratio schedules have long been used to study effort, and manipulations that …
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Topographical analysis of reinforcement produced variability: Generalizations across settings and contingencies.
… contact with the object would be reinforced on a fixed ratio schedule) and the VAR contingencies (where only the novel responses per trial would be reinforced). The ANY contingency produced stereotyped responding of behavior with all objects. When one of the dog-object interactions was changed to …
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Acquisition of observing responses with delayed conditioned reinforcement
… (i.e., an observing response) on a tandem fixed-ratio 1 differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior 10-s schedule. For the other 3 pigeons, no contingency was implemented for treadle pressing. Treadle pressing was established equally in the presence and absence of the observing …
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Resurgence of lever pressing during a DRO challenge
… 1, rats’ left lever pressing was reinforced on a fixed-ratio (FR) 20 schedule while extinction was in place for right lever presses. Then, extinction was in effect for all lever presses throughout Phase 2. Phase 3 consisted of an FR 20 schedule for right lever presses while left lever presses were …
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Limits of sensitivity to delayed timeout from avoidance
… shock avoidance. Completion of the initial link (fixed-ratio 10 schedule) produced a timeout following a signaled delay during which the avoidance schedule remained operative. For most rats, the delay was manipulated across conditions from 0 s to 60 s. Control by the delayed timeout was indicated …
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SOIL MICROBIAL AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICE RESPONSES TO METAL MIXTURES IN CANADIAN SOILS
… and cleanup of soils with elevated metal concentrations is an area that has been widely studied. A major challenge faced by environmental scientists when assessing metal toxicity in soils is the wide difference in toxic effects between laboratory spiked soils and field contaminated soils. Also, …
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The Effects of Dopamine D3 Receptor Compounds on Oxycodone Self-Administration and Reinstatement in Female Cynomolgus Monkeys
… Studying nonhuman primates in drug self-administration is most predictive of the clinical condition in humans, thus, provides important clinically translational insight into medications development for treatment of substance abuse. Most drugs of abuse alter dopamine (DA) concentrations and recent …
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