Global ETD Search
Search theses and dissertations gathered from participating repositories worldwide. Every result links back to the library that holds it. No account is needed.
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Showing 1 to 20 of 35 for “"fitness cost"”.
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EPSPS gene duplication in Palmer amaranth: relative fitness, inheritance, and duplication mechanism of the glyphosate resistance trait
… fields in at least 25 states, raising the cost of weed control to more than 4x the original cost. In most areas, the resistance is conferred through a gene amplification mechanism in which the target gene of glyphosate, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSPS) is duplicated in the genome …
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Inheritance and fitness costs Of field-derived resistance To Cry3Bb1 corn by western corn rootworm
… resistance is recessive and there are associated fitness costs. We characterized the inheritance of resistance of two strains of western corn rootworm with field-derived resistance to the Bt toxin Cry3Bb1 (Elma and Monona) and tested for fitness costs of resistance. The inheritance of resistance …
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The evolution of AroA and MurA enzymes from Bacillus
… AroA LCA in vivo resulted in AroA LCA posing a fitness cost to the cells carrying this enzyme on a plasmid in a ΔaroA background. AroA LCA and MurA LCA remain highly structurally similar to the contemporary enzymes, with minor differences predominantly located on the protein surface.
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Global and chromosome-specific consequences of aneuploidy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
… screens for genes whose deletion has a synthetic fitness cost in aneuploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells containing single extra chromosomes. This analysis identified genes that when deleted decrease the fitness of specific disomic strains as well as those that impair the proliferation of a broad …
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Modulation of the CRISPR-Cas9 Immune Response
… by 2-3 orders of magnitude, leading to a fitness cost due to higher levels of autoimmunity. Here we investigated the molecular basis of these findings. We found that the I473F mutation decreases the association of Cas9 to tracrRNA, limiting its repressor function, leading to high levels of …
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Investigating the photosynthesis of Symbiodinium in Caribbean gorgonian corals
… to respiration represents a potential fitness cost to branches, as the energetic contribution of their Symbiodinium may be reduced at elevated temperature. Understanding the symbioses between gorgonian corals and Symbiodinium and how they respond to elevated temperature will aid in …
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Hatching synchrony and survival in early life in the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta
… time. Early-hatching individuals did not suffer fitness costs relative to their sibs at any stage considered in this study. Incubation treatment had a significant effect on migration time, but in the opposite direction that we predicted. Incubation temperature did not affect hatching success, and …
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Characterizing resistance of Erysiphe necator to fungicides belonging to the quinone outside inhibitors and demethylation inhibitors
… laboratory conditions, indicating a lack of fitness cost. In one competition trial under field conditions, resistance frequency declined, possibly due to spore migration and influx of background inoculum, but in a second trial, it did not decline. Double resistance to QoI and DMI was detected …
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Unraveling Ecological Effects on Social Behavior. Insights from Tent-roosting Bats
… group living has been associated with high fitness cost, multiple lines of evidence have suggested that it has evolved multiple times independently. Given the wide diversity of social systems, it appears that multiple explanations are necessary to understand this process. Although evidence …
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Transposable Elements and the Evolution of Virus Resistance in Drosophila melanogaster
Viral infection results in a significant fitness cost on organisms, which driving evolutionary change in antiviral defences. Previous research in Drosophila has shown that there is large genetic variation in pathogen resistance, and that a significant amount of genetic variation to virus resistance …
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The role of HIV-1 subtype B Envelope transmission motifs in subtype C variant infectivity
… profile. This suggested that His12 had a fitness cost and was thus selected against. However, His12 significantly enhanced the entry efficiency of infectious molecular clones (IMCs), suggesting that it might be beneficial for in vivo replication. The variation between the PSV and IMC entry …
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From gut microbiome to pathogen genomics: Understanding antimicrobial resistance in Southeast Asia and Salmonella Paratyphi A
… to azithromycin without imposing a fitness cost on S. Paratyphi A. This data suggested that S. Paratyphi A can adapt and thrive in an environment with antimicrobial pressures without compromising the bacteria viability. The findings from this work can have implications for both …
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The influence of genetic background on drug resistance in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
… R539T has been demonstrated to have a high fitness cost, and similar PfKelch13 mutations display fitness costs that are exacerbated when engineered into non-Southeast Asian parasites. Combination of ‘barcoded’ parasite lines into a single flask, or ‘pool’ creates a highly valuable screening …
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Fitness Costs of Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in the Pink Bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella
… cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, is associated with fitness costs in pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella. Previous work has demonstrated that costs of resistance are induced by environmental factors including insecticidal cotton phytochemicals such as gossypol. This study (1) tested the …
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Modelling spatial strategies for the durable deployment of crop disease resistance
… where such a strategy is most likely to be cost-effective. We initially use a spatially explicit model, incorporating seasonality and localised reservoirs of inoculum, to explore disease dynamics within landscapes containing a mixture of fields planted with either susceptible or resistant …
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Investigating the Double-Edged Sword of Rifampicin Resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
… between four and six months. Treatment is long, costly, and is often inaccessible to those in TB endemic regions of the world. This pandemic is worsened by the emergence of drug resistant Mtb, particularly Mtb that is resistant to the first line antibiotic rifampicin (Rif). Rif resistant (RifR) …
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Beyond MICS: Determining the Role of Porin Production and β-Lactamase Expression in Resistance and Cellular Physiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae
… been presumed to have a previously unidentified fitness cost. In fact, little is known about how β-lactamase expression affects cellular physiology and whether these fitness costs may relate to other resistance or virulence mechanisms. The purpose of this dissertation was two-fold. First, to …
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Insecticide detoxification in the navel orangeworm Amyelois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
… is heritable and may have an associated fitness cost, which could influence the dispersal and expansion of resistant populations.
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Understanding Bacterial Resistance and Dissemination: The Impact of Biocide Priming
… assays were used to investigate if there were fitness costs attached to the antibiotic cross resistance observed. Results: Stable cross-resistance to antibiotics was observed in bacterial strains, with no observed increased tolerance to biocides. Six-fold increases in MIC to cephalothin and …
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The identification of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) escape in a large, longitudinal subtype C HIV-1 sequence dataset
… acids within epitopes as a result of potential fitness cost associated with a specific change, was observed in five of seven epitopes. We further identified 35 high Shannon entropy sites, where nine of these sites were found within epitopes identified by Epitope Matcher. Additionally, nine of …
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